通过栈和队列解决迷宫问题

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-19 23:41:27 发布

Ling_Ze

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-19 23:41:27 发布

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分类专栏：算法文章标签： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Ling_Ze/article/details/132106864

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栈

# 栈：深度优先搜索（回溯法）（路径不是最短的）

maze = [
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
    [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
    [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
]
dirs = [
    lambda x, y: (x - 1, y),  # 上
    lambda x, y: (x, y + 1),  # 右
    lambda x, y: (x + 1, y),  # 下
    lambda x, y: (x, y - 1),  # 左
]


def maze_path(x1, y1, x2, y2):
    stack = []
    stack.append((x1, y1))
    while len(stack) > 0:
        curNode = stack[-1]  # 当前的节点位置

        if curNode[0] == x2 and curNode[1] == y2:
            # 到终点了
            for p in stack:
                print(p)
            return True

        # 上下左右的四个方向 上：x-1, y; 下：x+1, y; 左：x, y-1; 右：x, y+1
        for dir in dirs:
            nextNode = dir(curNode[0], curNode[1])
            # 如果下一个节点能走
            if maze[nextNode[0]][nextNode[1]] == 0:
                stack.append(nextNode)
                maze[nextNode[0]][nextNode[1]] = 2  # 2表示为已经走过
                break
        else:
            # maze[nextNode[0]][nextNode[1]] = 2
            stack.pop()

    else:
        print('没有路')
        return False


a = maze_path(1, 1, 8, 8)
print(a)

队列

# 使用队列解决迷宫问题（最短路径）:广度优先搜索
from collections import deque

maze = [
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
    [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
    [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
]
dirs = [
    lambda x, y: (x - 1, y),  # 上
    lambda x, y: (x, y + 1),  # 右
    lambda x, y: (x + 1, y),  # 下
    lambda x, y: (x, y - 1),  # 左
]


def maze_path_queue(x1, y1, x2, y2):
    queue = deque()
    queue.append((x1, y1, -1))
    path = []
    while len(queue) > 0:
        curNode = queue.popleft()
        path.append(curNode)
        if curNode[0] == x2 and curNode[1] == y2:
            # 找到终点了
            print_r(path)
            return True
        for dir in dirs:
            nextNode = dir(curNode[0], curNode[1])
            if maze[nextNode[0]][nextNode[1]] == 0:
                queue.append((nextNode[0], nextNode[1], len(path) - 1))  # 后续节点进队，记录哪个节点带他来的
                maze[nextNode[0]][nextNode[1]] = 2  # 标记为已经走过
    else:
        print('没有路')
        return False


def print_r(path):
    curNode = path[-1]
    realpath = []
    while curNode[2] != -1:
        realpath.append(curNode[0:2])
        curNode = path[curNode[2]]

    realpath.append(curNode[0:2])  # 把起点放进去
    realpath.reverse()
    for node in realpath:
        print(node)


maze_path_queue(1, 1, 8, 8)