JAVA——常见算法

查找算法

基本查找

从0索引开始查找

是否找到

package com.itheima.search;

import java.security.KeyStore;

public class BasicSearchDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {23, 34, 54, 24, 43, 46};
        int number = 43;
        System.out.println(basicSearch(arr, number));
    }

    private static boolean basicSearch(int[] arr, int number) {
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            if (arr[i] == number) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

返回索引

package com.itheima.search;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class BasicSearchDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {23, 34, 54, 24, 43, 46, 34};
        int number = 34;
        int num = findNum(arr, number);
        System.out.println(num);
        ArrayList<Integer> num2 = findNumList(arr, number);
        for (int i = 0; i < num2.size(); i++) {
            if (i == num2.size() - 1) {
                System.out.println(num2.get(i));
            } else {
                System.out.print(num2.get(i) + ", ");
            }
        }
    }

    private static int findNum(int[] arr, int number) {
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            if (arr[i] == number) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    private static ArrayList<Integer> findNumList(int[] arr, int number) {
        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            if (arr[i] == number) {
                list.add(i);
            }
        }
        return list;
    }
}

二分查找 / 折半查找

  • 前提条件:数组中的数据有序
  • 核心逻辑:每次排除一般的查找范围
package com.itheima.search;

import javax.sound.midi.MidiChannel;

public class BinarySearchDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {23, 34, 54, 64, 75, 98};
        int number = 34;
        int search = binarySearch(arr, number);
        System.out.println(search);
    }

    private static int binarySearch(int[] arr, int number) {
        int min = 0;
        int max = arr.length - 1;
        while (true) {
            if (min > max) {
                return -1;
            }
            int mid = (min + max) / 2;
            if (arr[mid] == number) {
                return mid;
            } else if (arr[mid] < number) {
                min = mid + 1;
            } else {
                max = mid - 1;
            }
        }
    }
}

插值查找

package com.itheima.search;

public class ChaZhiSearchDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {12, 23, 45, 56, 76, 89, 98};
        int number = 45;
        int index = getIndex(arr, number);
        System.out.println(index);
    }

    private static int getIndex(int[] arr, int number) {
        int min = 0;
        int max = arr.length - 1;
        while (true) {
            if (min > max) {
                return -1;
            }
            int mid = min + ((number - arr[min]) / (arr[max] - arr[min]) * (max - min));
            if (number < arr[mid]) {
                max = mid - 1;
            } else if (number > arr[mid]) {
                min = mid + 1;
            } else {
                return mid;
            }
        }
    }
}

斐波那契查找

 二分查找、插值查找、斐波那契查找的异同

分块查找

package com.itheima.search;

public class BlockSearchDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {16, 5, 9, 12, 21, 18,
                     32, 23, 37, 26, 45, 34,
                     50, 48, 61, 52, 73, 66};
        int number = 37;
        Block b1 = new Block(21, 0, 5);
        Block b2 = new Block(45, 6, 11);
        Block b3 = new Block(73, 12, 17);

        Block[] blocks = {b1, b2, b3};
        int index = getIndex(arr, blocks, number);
        System.out.println(index);
    }

    private static int getIndex(int[] arr, Block[] blocks, int number) {
        int index = getBlockIndex(blocks, number);
        if (index == -1) {
            return -1;
        }
        for (int i = blocks[index].getStartIndex(); i <= blocks[index].getEndIndex(); i++) {
            if (number == arr[i]) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    private static int getBlockIndex(Block[] blocks, int number) {
        for (int i = 0; i < blocks.length; i++) {
            if (number <= blocks[i].getMax()) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
}

class Block {
    private int max;
    private int startIndex;
    private int endIndex;

    public Block() {
    }

    public Block(int max, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
        this.max = max;
        this.startIndex = startIndex;
        this.endIndex = endIndex;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return max
     */
    public int getMax() {
        return max;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param max
     */
    public void setMax(int max) {
        this.max = max;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return startIndex
     */
    public int getStartIndex() {
        return startIndex;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param startIndex
     */
    public void setStartIndex(int startIndex) {
        this.startIndex = startIndex;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return endIndex
     */
    public int getEndIndex() {
        return endIndex;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param endIndex
     */
    public void setEndIndex(int endIndex) {
        this.endIndex = endIndex;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "Block{max = " + max + ", startIndex = " + startIndex + ", endIndex = " + endIndex + "}";
    }
}

扩展的分块查找(无规律的数据)

package com.itheima.search;

public class BlockSearchDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {27,22,30,40,36,
                     13,19,16,20,
                     7,10,
                     43,50,48};
        int number = 48;
        Block1 b1 = new Block1(22,40,0,4);
        Block1 b2 = new Block1(13,20,5,8);
        Block1 b3 = new Block1(7,10,9,10);
        Block1 b4 = new Block1(43,50,11,13);

        Block1[] block1s = {b1, b2, b3, b4};
        int index = getIndex(arr, block1s, number);
        System.out.println(index);
    }

    private static int getIndex(int[] arr, Block1[] block1s, int number) {
        int index = getBlockIndex(block1s, number);
        if (index == -1) {
            return -1;
        }
        for (int i = block1s[index].getStartIndex(); i <= block1s[index].getEndIndex(); i++) {
            if (number == arr[i]) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    private static int getBlockIndex(Block1[] block1s, int number) {
        for (int i = 0; i < block1s.length; i++) {
            if (number >= block1s[i].getMin() && number <= block1s[i].getMax()) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
}

class Block1 {
    private int min;
    private int max;
    private int startIndex;
    private int endIndex;

    public Block1() {
    }

    public Block1(int min, int max, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
        this.min = min;
        this.max = max;
        this.startIndex = startIndex;
        this.endIndex = endIndex;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return min
     */
    public int getMin() {
        return min;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param min
     */
    public void setMin(int min) {
        this.min = min;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return max
     */
    public int getMax() {
        return max;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param max
     */
    public void setMax(int max) {
        this.max = max;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return startIndex
     */
    public int getStartIndex() {
        return startIndex;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param startIndex
     */
    public void setStartIndex(int startIndex) {
        this.startIndex = startIndex;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return endIndex
     */
    public int getEndIndex() {
        return endIndex;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param endIndex
     */
    public void setEndIndex(int endIndex) {
        this.endIndex = endIndex;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "Block{min = " + min + ", max = " + max + ", startIndex = " + startIndex + ", endIndex = " + endIndex + "}";
    }
}

哈希查找

排序算法

冒泡排序

package com.itheima.sort;

public class BubbleDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {2, 4, 5, 3, 1};
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length -1; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < arr.length - 1 - i; j++) {
                if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
                    int temp = arr[j];
                    arr[j] = arr[j+1];
                    arr[j+1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
        }
    }
}

选择排序

package com.itheima.sort;

public class XuanZeSearchDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {2, 4, 5, 3, 1};
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = i; j < arr.length; j++) {
                if (arr[i] > arr[j]) {
                    int temp = arr[j];
                    arr[j] = arr[i];
                    arr[i] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
        }
    }
}

插入排序

package com.itheima.sort;

public class ChaRuSearchDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {3, 44, 38, 5, 47, 15, 36, 26, 27, 2, 46, 4, 19, 50, 48};

        // 首先找到无序的第一个索引即是38的索引
        // 1. 先定义一个变量记录索引
        int startIndex = -1;
        // 2. 遍历数组得到无序索引
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {
            if (arr[i] > arr[i + 1]) {
                startIndex = i + 1;
                break;
            }
        }

        for (int i = startIndex; i < arr.length; i++) {
            int j = i;
            while (j > 0 && arr[j] < arr[j - 1]) {
                int temp = arr[j];
                arr[j] = arr[j - 1];
                arr[j - 1] = temp;
                j--;
            }
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
        }
    }
}

递归算法

  • 递归指的是方法中调用方法本身的现象
  • 递归的注意点:递归一定要有出口,否则就会出现内存溢出

package com.itheima.sort;

public class DiGuiDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(getSum(100));
    }

    public static int getSum(int number) {
        if (number == 1) {
            return 1;
        }
        return number + getSum(number - 1);
    }
}

package com.itheima.sort;

public class DiGuiDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(getJi(5));
    }

    public static int getJi(int number) {
        if (number == 1) {
            return 1;
        }

        return number * getJi(number - 1);
    }
}

快速排序

 

package com.itheima.sort;

public class QuickSortDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {4,10,2,5,36,78,6,3};
        int i = 0;
        int j = arr.length - 1;
        quickSort(arr,i ,j);

        for (int k = 0; k < arr.length; k++) {
            System.out.print(arr[k] + " ");
        }
    }

    public static void quickSort(int[] arr, int i, int j) {
        int start = i;
        int end = j;

        if (start > end) {
            return;
        }

        while (end != start) {
            while (end > start && arr[end] > arr[i]) {
                end--;
            }
            while (end > start && arr[start] < arr[i]) {
                start++;
            }
            int temp = arr[end];
            arr[end] = arr[start];
            arr[start] = temp;
        }

        int temp = arr[i];
        arr[i] = arr[start];
        arr[start] = temp;

        quickSort(arr, i, start - 1);
        quickSort(arr, start + 1, j);
    }
}

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