线程同步技术

（1）互斥对象：函数CreateMutex。在多核下工作不正常。
（2）事件对象：函数CreateEvent、SetEvent、ResetEvent、WaitForSingleObject，应当使用自动重置的事件对象。在多核下工作正常。
（3）关键代码段：类CRITICAL_SECTION，函数InitializeCriticalSection、DeleteCriticalSection、EnterCriticalSection、LeaveCriticalSection。在多核下工作基本正常，但是会出现：“"xxx"指令引用的"xxx"内存。该内存不能为"written"。”。需要注意线程死锁问题。

三者比较：
互斥对象和事件对象都属于内核对象，速度较慢。但可以在多个进程中的各个线程间进行同步。
关键代码段工作在用户方式下，同步速度较快，但容易进入死锁状态，因为在等待进入关键代码段时无法设定超时值。通常，首选关键代码段。
其使用也比较简单，如果在MFC中的话，可在构造函数调用InitializeCriticalSection，在构造函数调用DeleteCriticalSection，在所需保护的代码前调用EnterCriticalSection，在访问完所需保护的资源后调用LeaveCriticalSection即可。

 

----------------例子：互斥对象------------------------------------------------

#include <windows.h> #include <iostream.h> int index=0; int tickets=20; HANDLE hMutex; DWORD WINAPI Fun1Proc(LPVOID lpPrama) { while(TRUE) { WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE); if (tickets>0) { Sleep(1); cout<<"thread 1 sell ticket: "<<tickets--<<endl; } else { break; } ReleaseMutex(hMutex); } return 0; } DWORD WINAPI Fun2Proc(LPVOID lpPrama) { while(TRUE) { WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE); if (tickets>0) { Sleep(1); cout<<"thread 2 sell ticket: "<<tickets--<<endl; } else { break; } ReleaseMutex(hMutex); } return 0; } void main() { HANDLE hThread1; HANDLE hThread2; hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun1Proc,NULL,0,NULL); hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun2Proc,NULL,0,NULL); CloseHandle(hThread1); CloseHandle(hThread2); hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL); Sleep(1000); }

正确的结果是由20递减到1，但是本程序会出现以下错误结果：
thread 1 sell ticket: 20
thread 1 sell ticket: 20
thread 2 sell ticket: 19
thread 1 sell ticket: 18
...
thread 2 sell ticket: 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

----------------例子：事件对象------------------------------------------------

#include <windows.h> #include <iostream.h> int tickets=20; HANDLE g_hEvent; DWORD WINAPI Fun1Proc(LPVOID lpPrama) { while(TRUE) { WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent,INFINITE); //ResetEvent(g_hEvent); if (tickets>0) { Sleep(1); cout<<"thread 1 sell ticket: "<<tickets--<<endl; SetEvent(g_hEvent); } else { SetEvent(g_hEvent); break; } } return 0; } DWORD WINAPI Fun2Proc(LPVOID lpPrama) { while(TRUE) { WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent,INFINITE); //ResetEvent(g_hEvent); if (tickets>0) { Sleep(1); cout<<"thread 2 sell ticket: "<<tickets--<<endl; SetEvent(g_hEvent); } else { SetEvent(g_hEvent); break; } } return 0; } void main() { HANDLE hThread1; HANDLE hThread2; g_hEvent=CreateEvent(NULL,FALSE,FALSE,NULL); SetEvent(g_hEvent); hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun1Proc,NULL,0,NULL); hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun2Proc,NULL,0,NULL); CloseHandle(hThread1); CloseHandle(hThread2); Sleep(1000); CloseHandle(g_hEvent); }

 

----------------例子：关键代码段---------------------------------------------

//<QA>注释掉两个Mark的代码行后，出现内存不能写异常。 #include <windows.h> #include <iostream.h> int tickets=20; CRITICAL_SECTION g_cs; DWORD WINAPI Fun1Proc(LPVOID lpPrama) { while(TRUE) { EnterCriticalSection(&g_cs); Sleep(1); //Mark if (tickets>0) { Sleep(1); cout<<"thread 1 sell ticket: "<<tickets--<<endl; LeaveCriticalSection(&g_cs); } else { LeaveCriticalSection(&g_cs); break; } } return 0; } DWORD WINAPI Fun2Proc(LPVOID lpPrama) { while(TRUE) { EnterCriticalSection(&g_cs); Sleep(1); //Mark if (tickets>0) { Sleep(1); cout<<"thread 2 sell ticket: "<<tickets--<<endl; LeaveCriticalSection(&g_cs); } else { LeaveCriticalSection(&g_cs); break; } } return 0; } void main() { HANDLE hThread1; HANDLE hThread2; hThread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun1Proc,NULL,0,NULL); hThread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,Fun2Proc,NULL,0,NULL); CloseHandle(hThread1); CloseHandle(hThread2); InitializeCriticalSection(&g_cs); Sleep(1000); DeleteCriticalSection(&g_cs); }