postgresql在centos上安装与配置

解压二进制包
建 /usr/postgresql目录
tar -xzvf postgresql-9.6.5-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz
-------------------------------------------------------------
(1)新增postgres用户组：
groupadd postgres
(2)新增postgres用户并且设置这个用户属于上面创建的postgres用户组：
useradd -g postgres postgres
(3)修改postgres用户密码:passwd postgres（这里设置密码为postgres）

passwd postgres   --修改postgres用户密码
--------------------------------------------------------
 授权
 chown -R postgres:postgres /us r/postgresql/
--------------------------------------------------------
 初始化
切换用户 su postgres
切到解压的目录 
初始化命令
bin/initdb -E utf8 -D /usr/postgresql/psql/data
-------------------------------------------------------
[root@hserver1 pgsql]# su postgres
[postgres@hserver1 pgsql]$ bin/initdb -E utf8 -D /usr/postgresql/psql/data
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "zh_CN.UTF-8".
initdb: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale "zh_CN.UTF-8"
The default text search configuration will be set to "simple".

Data page checksums are disabled.

creating directory /usr/postgresql/psql/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

    bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/postgresql/psql/data -l logfile start
------------------------------------------------------------------------
OK 看到这个表示已经初始化成功了。

启动postgresql

启动注意必须使用postgres用户启动
 ./postgres -D /usr/postgresql/pgsql/data/ > /usr/postgresql/pgsql/data/log/postgres.log &
 pg_ctl -D /usr/postgresql/psql/data -l logfile start
 
[postgres@hserver1 bin]$ ./pg_ctl -D /usr/postgresql/psql/data -l logfile start
server starting
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
登录数据库
[postgres@hserver1 bin]$ ./psql
psql.bin (9.6.5)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# help
You are using psql, the command-line interface to PostgreSQL.
Type:  \copyright for distribution terms
       \h for help with SQL commands
       \? for help with psql commands
       \g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
       \q to quit
postgres=# \h
Available help:
  ABORT                            DEALLOCATE
  ALTER AGGREGATE                  DECLARE
  ALTER COLLATION                  DELETE
  ALTER CONVERSION                 DISCARD
  ALTER DATABASE                   DO
  ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES         DROP ACCESS METHOD
  ALTER DOMAIN                     DROP AGGREGATE
  ALTER EVENT TRIGGER              DROP CAST
  ALTER EXTENSION                  DROP COLLATION
  ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER       DROP CONVERSION
  ALTER FOREIGN TABLE              DROP DATABASE
  ALTER FUNCTION                   DROP DOMAIN
  ALTER GROUP                      DROP EVENT TRIGGER
  ALTER INDEX                      DROP EXTENSION
  ALTER LANGUAGE                   DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
  ALTER LARGE OBJECT               DROP FOREIGN TABLE
  ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW          DROP FUNCTION
  ALTER OPERATOR                   DROP GROUP
  ALTER OPERATOR CLASS             DROP INDEX
  ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY            DROP LANGUAGE
  ALTER POLICY                     DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
  ALTER ROLE                       DROP OPERATOR
  ALTER RULE                       DROP OPERATOR CLASS
  ALTER SCHEMA                     DROP OPERATOR FAMILY
  ALTER SEQUENCE                   DROP OWNED
  ALTER SERVER                     DROP POLICY
  ALTER SYSTEM                     DROP ROLE
  ALTER TABLE                      DROP RULE
  ALTER TABLESPACE                 DROP SCHEMA
  ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION  DROP SEQUENCE
  ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY     DROP SERVER
  ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER         DROP TABLE
  ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE       DROP TABLESPACE
  ALTER TRIGGER                    DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
  ALTER TYPE                       DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
  ALTER USER                       DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER
  ALTER USER MAPPING               DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE
  ALTER VIEW                       DROP TRANSFORM
  ANALYZE                          DROP TRIGGER
  BEGIN                            DROP TYPE
  CHECKPOINT                       DROP USER
  CLOSE                            DROP USER MAPPING
  CLUSTER                          DROP VIEW
  COMMENT                          END
  COMMIT                           EXECUTE
  COMMIT PREPARED                  EXPLAIN
  COPY                             FETCH
  CREATE ACCESS METHOD             GRANT
  CREATE AGGREGATE                 IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA
  CREATE CAST                      INSERT
  CREATE COLLATION                 LISTEN
  CREATE CONVERSION                LOAD
  CREATE DATABASE                  LOCK
  CREATE DOMAIN                    MOVE
  CREATE EVENT TRIGGER             NOTIFY
  CREATE EXTENSION                 PREPARE
  CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER      PREPARE TRANSACTION
  CREATE FOREIGN TABLE             REASSIGN OWNED
  CREATE FUNCTION                  REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
  CREATE GROUP                     REINDEX
  CREATE INDEX                     RELEASE SAVEPOINT
  CREATE LANGUAGE                  RESET
  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW         REVOKE
  CREATE OPERATOR                  ROLLBACK
  CREATE OPERATOR CLASS            ROLLBACK PREPARED
  CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY           ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
  CREATE POLICY                    SAVEPOINT
  CREATE ROLE                      SECURITY LABEL
  CREATE RULE                      SELECT
  CREATE SCHEMA                    SELECT INTO
  CREATE SEQUENCE                  SET
  CREATE SERVER                    SET CONSTRAINTS
  CREATE TABLE                     SET ROLE
  CREATE TABLE AS                  SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
  CREATE TABLESPACE                SET TRANSACTION
  CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION SHOW
  CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY    START TRANSACTION
  CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER        TABLE
  CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE      TRUNCATE
  CREATE TRANSFORM                 UNLISTEN
  CREATE TRIGGER                   UPDATE
  CREATE TYPE                      VACUUM
  CREATE USER                      VALUES
  CREATE USER MAPPING              WITH
  CREATE VIEW                  
postgres=# \?
General
  \copyright             show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms
  \errverbose            show most recent error message at maximum verbosity
  \g [FILE] or ;         execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)
  \gexec                 execute query, then execute each value in its result
  \gset [PREFIX]         execute query and store results in psql variables
  \q                     quit psql
  \crosstabview [COLUMNS] execute query and display results in crosstab
  \watch [SEC]           execute query every SEC seconds


Help
  \? [commands]          show help on backslash commands
  \? options             show help on psql command-line options
  \? variables           show help on special variables
  \h [NAME]              help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands


Query Buffer
  \e [FILE] [LINE]       edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor
  \ef [FUNCNAME [LINE]]  edit function definition with external editor
  \ev [VIEWNAME [LINE]]  edit view definition with external editor
  \p                     show the contents of the query buffer
  \r                     reset (clear) the query buffer
  \s [FILE]              display history or save it to file
  \w FILE                write query buffer to file

Input/Output
  \copy ...              perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host
  \echo [STRING]         write string to standard output
  \i FILE                execute commands from file
  \ir FILE               as \i, but relative to location of current script
  \o [FILE]              send all query results to file or |pipe
  \qecho [STRING]        write string to query output stream (see \o)

Informational
  (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)
  \d[S+]                 list tables, views, and sequences
  \d[S+]  NAME           describe table, view, sequence, or index
  \da[S]  [PATTERN]      list aggregates
  \dA[+]  [PATTERN]      list access methods
  \db[+]  [PATTERN]      list tablespaces
  \dc[S+] [PATTERN]      list conversions
  \dC[+]  [PATTERN]      list casts
  \dd[S]  [PATTERN]      show object descriptions not displayed elsewhere
  \ddp    [PATTERN]      list default privileges
  \dD[S+] [PATTERN]      list domains
  \det[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign tables
  \des[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign servers
  \deu[+] [PATTERN]      list user mappings
  \dew[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign-data wrappers
  \df[antw][S+] [PATRN]  list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions
  \dF[+]  [PATTERN]      list text search configurations
  \dFd[+] [PATTERN]      list text search dictionaries
  \dFp[+] [PATTERN]      list text search parsers
  \dFt[+] [PATTERN]      list text search templates
  \dg[S+] [PATTERN]      list roles
  \di[S+] [PATTERN]      list indexes
  \dl                    list large objects, same as \lo_list
  \dL[S+] [PATTERN]      list procedural languages
  \dm[S+] [PATTERN]      list materialized views
  \dn[S+] [PATTERN]      list schemas
  \do[S]  [PATTERN]      list operators
  \dO[S+] [PATTERN]      list collations
  \dp     [PATTERN]      list table, view, and sequence access privileges
  \drds [PATRN1 [PATRN2]] list per-database role settings
  \ds[S+] [PATTERN]      list sequences
  \dt[S+] [PATTERN]      list tables
  \dT[S+] [PATTERN]      list data types
  \du[S+] [PATTERN]      list roles
  \dv[S+] [PATTERN]      list views
  \dE[S+] [PATTERN]      list foreign tables
  \dx[+]  [PATTERN]      list extensions
  \dy     [PATTERN]      list event triggers
  \l[+]   [PATTERN]      list databases
  \sf[+]  FUNCNAME       show a function's definition
  \sv[+]  VIEWNAME       show a view's definition
  \z      [PATTERN]      same as \dp

Formatting
  \a                     toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode
  \C [STRING]            set table title, or unset if none
  \f [STRING]            show or set field separator for unaligned query output
  \H                     toggle HTML output mode (currently off)
  \pset [NAME [VALUE]]   set table output option
                         (NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|fieldsep_zero|footer|null|
                         numericlocale|recordsep|recordsep_zero|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pa
ger|
                         unicode_border_linestyle|unicode_column_linestyle|unicode_header_line
style})
  \t [on|off]            show only rows (currently off)
  \T [STRING]            set HTML <table> tag attributes, or unset if none
  \x [on|off|auto]       toggle expanded output (currently off)


Connection
  \c[onnect] {[DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-] | conninfo}
                         connect to new database (currently "postgres")
  \encoding [ENCODING]   show or set client encoding
  \password [USERNAME]   securely change the password for a user
  \conninfo              display information about current connection

Operating System
  \cd [DIR]              change the current working directory
  \setenv NAME [VALUE]   set or unset environment variable
  \timing [on|off]       toggle timing of commands (currently off)
  \! [COMMAND]           execute command in shell or start interactive shell

Variables
  \prompt [TEXT] NAME    prompt user to set internal variable
  \set [NAME [VALUE]]    set internal variable, or list all if no parameters
  \unset NAME            unset (delete) internal variable

Large Objects
  \lo_export LOBOID FILE
  \lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
  \lo_list
  \lo_unlink LOBOID      large object operations
postgres=# 
------------------------------------------------------------
到此postgresql安装完成，可以开始正常服务，大家如果想创建自己的数据库，用户和密码可以使用：
验证使用：
添加新用户和创建数据库
postgres=# create user luxuefeng with password 'luxuefeng';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=# create database testdb with encoding='utf8' owner=luxuefeng;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# 
postgres=# create table test_user(id int,name varchar(20));
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# insert into table test_user values(123,'lxf');
ERROR:  syntax error at or near "table"
LINE 1: insert into table test_user values(123,'lxf');
                    ^
postgres=# insert into  test_user values(123,'lxf');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# select * from test_user;
 id  | name 
-----+------
 123 | lxf
(1 row)

postgres=# 

远程连接配置：

远程连接配置：
/usr/postgresql/psql/data/pg_hba.conf 
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0               trust
host    all             all             192.168.1.0/32          trust


/usr/postgresql/psql/data/postgresql.conf
将该文件中的listen_addresses项值设定为“*”