Terminology and Concepts
SQL Terms/Concepts | MongoDB Terms/Concepts |
---|---|
database | database |
table | collection |
row | document or BSON document |
column | field |
index | index |
table joins | $lookup , embedded documents |
primary key Specify any unique column or column combination as primary key. | In MongoDB, the primary key is automatically set to the _idfield. |
aggregation (e.g. group by) | aggregation pipeline See the SQL to Aggregation Mapping Chart. |
transactions | TIP For many scenarios, the denormalized data model (embedded documents and arrays) will continue to be optimal for your data and use cases instead of multi-document transactions. That is, for many scenarios, modeling your data appropriately will minimize the need for multi-document transactions. |
create and alter
SQL Schema Statements | MongoDB Schema Statements |
---|---|
CREATE TABLE people ( id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, user_id Varchar(30), age Number, status char(1), PRIMARY KEY (id) ) | Implicitly created on first db.people.insertOne( { user_id: "abc123", age: 55, status: "A" } ) However, you can also explicitly create a collection: db.createCollection("people") |
ALTER TABLE people ADD join_date DATETIME | Collections do not describe or enforce the structure of its documents; i.e. there is no structural alteration at the collection level. However, at the document level, db.people.updateMany( { }, { $set: { join_date: new Date() } } ) |
ALTER TABLE people DROP COLUMN join_date | Collections do not describe or enforce the structure of its documents; i.e. there is no structural alteration at the collection level. However, at the document level, db.people.updateMany( { }, { $unset: { "join_date": "" } } ) |
CREATE INDEX idx_user_id_asc ON people(user_id) | db.people.createIndex( { user_id: 1 } ) |
CREATE INDEX idx_user_id_asc_age_desc ON people(user_id, age DESC) | db.people.createIndex( { user_id: 1, age: -1 } ) |
DROP TABLE people | db.people.drop() |
Insert
SQL INSERT Statements | MongoDB insertOne() Statements |
---|---|
INSERT INTO people(user_id, age, status) VALUES ("bcd001", 45, "A") | db.people.insertOne( { user_id: "bcd001", age: 45, status: "A" } )
|
Select
SQL SELECT Statements | MongoDB find() Statements |
---|---|
SELECT * FROM people | db.people.find() |
SELECT id, user_id, status FROM people | db.people.find( { }, { user_id: 1, status: 1 } ) |
SELECT user_id, status FROM people | db.people.find( { }, { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 } ) |
SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A" | db.people.find( { status: "A" } ) |
SELECT user_id, status FROM people WHERE status = "A" | db.people.find( { status: "A" }, { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 } ) |
SELECT * FROM people WHERE status != "A" | db.people.find( { status: { $ne: "A" } } ) |
SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A" AND age = 50 | db.people.find( { status: "A", age: 50 } ) |
SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A" OR age = 50 | db.people.find( { $or: [ { status: "A" } , { age: 50 } ] } ) |
SELECT * FROM people WHERE age > 25 | db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 25 } } ) |
SELECT * FROM people WHERE age < 25 | db.people.find( { age: { $lt: 25 } } ) |
SELECT * FROM people WHERE age > 25 AND age <= 50 | db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 25, $lte: 50 } } ) |
SELECT * FROM people WHERE user_id like "%bc%" | db.people.find( { user_id: /bc/ } ) -or- db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /bc/ } } ) |
SELECT * FROM people WHERE user_id like "bc%" | db.people.find( { user_id: /^bc/ } ) -or- db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /^bc/ } } ) |
SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A" ORDER BY user_id ASC | db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: 1 } ) |
SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A" ORDER BY user_id DESC | db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: -1 } ) |
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM people | db.people.count() or db.people.find().count() |
SELECT COUNT(user_id) FROM people | db.people.count( { user_id: { $exists: true } } ) or db.people.find( { user_id: { $exists: true } } ).count() |
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM people WHERE age > 30 | db.people.count( { age: { $gt: 30 } } ) or db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 30 } } ).count() |
SELECT DISTINCT(status) FROM people | db.people.aggregate( [ { $group : { _id : "$status" } } ] ) or, for distinct value sets that do not exceed the BSON size limit db.people.distinct( "status" ) |
SELECT * FROM people LIMIT 1 | db.people.findOne() or db.people.find().limit(1) |
SELECT * FROM people LIMIT 5 SKIP 10 | db.people.find().limit(5).skip(10) |
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A" | db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).explain() |
Update Records
SQL Update Statements | MongoDB updateMany() Statements |
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UPDATE people SET status = "C" WHERE age > 25 | db.people.updateMany( { age: { $gt: 25 } }, { $set: { status: "C" } } ) |
UPDATE people SET age = age + 3 WHERE status = "A" | db.people.updateMany( { status: "A" } , { $inc: { age: 3 } } ) |
Delete Records
SQL Delete Statements | MongoDB deleteMany() Statements |
---|---|
DELETE FROM people WHERE status = "D" | db.people.deleteMany( { status: "D" } ) |
DELETE FROM people | db.people.deleteMany({}) |