使用方法总结
1.创建、设置代理
- UIWebView *webView=[[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 20, 320, 300)];
- webView.delegate = self;
2.加载网页
- NSURL *url=[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.google.com.hk"]; //创建URL
- NSURLRequest *request=[[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];
- [webView loadRequest:request];<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>
3.加载本地资源
- NSURL* url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:filePath]; <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>
- NSURLRequest* request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
- [webView loadRequest:request];
UIWebView 还支持将一个NSString对象作为源来加载。你可以为其提供一个基础URL,来指导UIWebView对象如何跟随链接和加载远程资源:
- [webView loadHTMLString:myHTML baseURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://baidu.com"]];
4.是否与用户交互(即用户能不能控制webView)
- [webView setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];
5.显示UIWebView(加载视图)
- [self.view addSubview:webView];
6.导航
- [webView goBack];
- [webView goForward];
- [webView reload];
- [webView stopLoading];
7.自动对页面进行缩放以适应屏幕
- webView.scalesPageToFit = YES;
8.自动检测网页上的电话号码,单击可以拨打
- webView.detectsPhoneNumbers = YES;
9.UIWebView 还支持将一个NSString对象作为源来加载。你可以为其提供一个基础URL,来指导UIWebView对象如何跟随链接和加载远程资源
- [webView loadHTMLString:myHTML baseURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://baidu.com"]];
10.UIWebView和JS交互
(1)在Objective-C代码中调用JS
使用stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString方法,需要等到UIWebView中的页面加载完成之后去调用。
- -(void) webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView
-
- [self.activityViewstopAnimating];
- [myWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"function test(){ alert(123123123)}"];
- [myWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"test();"];
-
(2)在JS中调用Objective-C代码
-
- function sendCommand(cmd,param)
- {
- var url="testapp:"+cmd+":"+param;
- document.location = url;
- }
- function clickLink()
- {
- sendCommand("alert","你好吗?");
- }
-
- - (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType
- {
- NSString *requestString = [[request URL] absoluteString];
- NSArray *components = [requestString componentsSeparatedByString:@":"];
- if ([components count] > 1 && [(NSString *)[components objectAtIndex:0] isEqualToString:@"testapp"])
- {
- if([(NSString *)[components objectAtIndex:1] isEqualToString:@"alert"])
- {
- UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]
- initWithTitle:@"Alert from Cocoa Touch" message:[components objectAtIndex:2]
- delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:nil
- otherButtonTitles:@"OK", nil nil nil];
- [alert show];
- }
- return NO;
- }
- return YES;
- }
UIWebView的委托方法
1.web视图指示加载内容时通知。应该返回YES开始加载。导航提供的类型参数,是指请求的来源,可以是下列任何一个:
-
-
-
-
-
-
- -(BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType;
2.开始加载的时候执行该方法。
- - (void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView;
3.加载完成的时候执行该方法。
- - (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView;
4.加载出错的时候执行该方法。
- - (void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(NSError *)error;
UIWebView常用注意点:
1、与UIWebView进行交互,调用web页面中的需要传参的函数时,参数需要带单引号,或者双引号(双引号需要进行转义在转义字符前加\),在传递json字符串时不需要加单引号或双引号:
- -(void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView
- {
- NSString *sendJsStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"openFile(\"%@\")",jsDocPathStr];
- [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:sendJsStr];
- }
2、在该代理方法中判断与webView的交互,可通过html里定义的协议实现:
- - (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView*)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest*)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType
3、只有在webView加载完毕之后在能够调用对应页面中的js方法。(对应方法如第1条)
4、为webView添加背景图片:
- approvalWebView.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
- approvalWebView.opaque=NO;
5、获取webView页面内容信息:
- NSString *docStr=[webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.documentElement.textContent"];
- SBJsonParser *parserJson=[[[SBJsonParser alloc]init]autorelease];
- NSDictionary *contentDic=[parserJson objectWithString:docStr];
6、 加载本地文件的方法:
-
- NSString* path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:name ofType:@"html" inDirectory:@"mobile"];
- [webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:path]]];
-
- NSString *resourcePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath];
- NSString *filePath = [resourcePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"mobile.html"];
- NSString *htmlstring=[[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
- [uiwebview loadHTMLString:htmlstring baseURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath]]];
7、将文件下载到本地址然后再用webView打开:
- NSString *resourceDocPath = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[[[[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath] stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"]];
- self.filePath = [resourceDocPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"maydoc%@",docType]];
- NSData *attachmentData = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:theUrl]];
- [attachmentData writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];
- NSURL *url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:filePath];
- NSURLRequest *requestObj = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
- [attachmentWebView loadRequest:requestObj];
- 指定目录下的文件
- NSFileManager *magngerDoc=[NSFileManager defaultManager];
- [magngerDoc removeItemAtPath:filePath error:nil];
8、处理webView展示txt文档乱码问题:
- if ([theType isEqualToString:@".txt"])
- {
-
-
- NSString* aStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:attachmentData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
- if (!aStr)
- {
-
- aStr=[[NSString alloc] initWithData:attachmentData encoding:0x80000632];
- }
- if (!aStr)
- {
-
- aStr=[[NSString alloc] initWithData:attachmentData encoding:0x80000631];
- }
-
- NSString* responseStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"""""""""%@""/pre>""""",aStr];
- [attachmentWebView loadHTMLString:responseStr baseURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath]]];
- return;
- }
9、使用webView加载本地或网络文件整个流程:
(1)、 Loading a local PDF file into the web view
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- {
- [super viewDidLoad];
-
- NSString *thePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"iPhone_User_Guide" ofType:@"pdf"];
- if (thePath)
- {
- NSData *pdfData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:thePath];
- [(UIWebView *)self.view loadData:pdfData MIMEType:@"application/pdf"
- textEncodingName:@"utf-8" baseURL:nil];
- }
-
- [self.myWebView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.apple.com/"]]];
- }
(2)、The web-view delegate managing network loading
- - (void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView
- {
-
- [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = YES;
- }
-
- - (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView
- {
-
- [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = NO;
- }
-
- - (void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(NSError *)error
- {
-
- [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = NO;
-
-
- NSString* errorString = [NSString stringWithFormat:
- @"An error occurred:
- %@",
- error.localizedDescription];
- [self.myWebView loadHTMLString:errorString baseURL:nil];
- }
(3)、Stopping a load request when the web view is to disappear
- - (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated
- {
- if ( [self.myWebView loading] )
- {
- [self.myWebView stopLoading];
- }
- self.myWebView.delegate = nil;
- [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = NO;
- }
/************/
引用自苹果官方文档(displaying web content)
10、查找webView中的scrollview:
- - (void) addScrollViewListener
- {
- UIScrollView* currentScrollView;
- for (UIView* subView in self.webView.subviews)
- {
- if ([subView isKindOfClass:[UIScrollView class]])
- {
- currentScrollView = (UIScrollView*)subView;
- currentScrollView.delegate = self;
- }
- }
- }
11、去掉webView的阴影,做成类似scrollView:
- - (void)clearBackgroundWithColor:(UIColor*)color
- {
-
- self.backgroundColor = color;
- for (UIView* subView in [self subviews])
- {
- if ([subView isKindOfClass:[UIScrollView class]])
- {
- for (UIView* shadowView in [subView subviews])
- {
- if ([shadowView isKindOfClass:[UIImageView class]])
- {
- [shadowView setHidden:YES];
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
12、取消长按webView上的链接弹出actionSheet的问题:
- -(void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView
- {
- [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.documentElement.style.webkitTouchCallout = 'none';"];
- }
13、取消webView上的超级链接加载问题:
- -(BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType
- {
- if (navigationType==UIWebViewNavigationTypeLinkClicked)
- {
- return NO;
- }
- else
- {
- return YES;
- }
- }
14、webView在ios5.1之前的bug:在之前的工程中使用webView加载附件,webView支持doc,excel,ppt,pdf等格式,但这些附件必须先下载到本地然后在加载到webView上才可以显示, 当附件下载到本地之后刚刚开始加载到webView上时,此时退出附件页面会导致程序崩溃。会崩溃是由于webView控件内部没有把相关代理取消掉,所以导致退出之后程序崩溃。
webView在5.1上的bug:之前项目需求要webView可以左右活动,但在往webView上加载页面时导致页面加载不全,这个bug是由于webView本身的缓存所致。(还有待研究)
15、在使用webView进行新浪微博分享时,webView会自动保存登陆的cookie导致项目中的分享模块有些问题,删除 webView的cookie的方法:
- -(void)deleteCookieForDominPathStr:(NSString *)thePath
- {
-
- for(NSHTTPCookie *cookie in [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies])
- {
- if([[cookie domain] isEqualToString:thePath])
- {
- [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] deleteCookie:cookie];
- }
- }
- }
16、在UIWebView中使用flashScrollIndicators
使用UIScrollView时,我们可以使用flashScrollIndicators方法显示滚动标识然后消失,告知用户此页面可以滚动,后面还有 更多内容。UIWebView内部依赖于UIScrollView,但是其没有flashScrollIndicators方法,但可以通过其他途径使用 此方法,如下所示。
- for (id subView in [webView subviews])
- {
- if ([subView respondsToSelector:@selector(flashScrollIndicators)])
- {
- [subView flashScrollIndicators];
- }
- }
上述代码片段可以到webViewDidFinishLoad回调中使用,加载完网页内容后flash显示滚动标识。
17、根据内容获取UIWebView的高度:
有时候需要根据不同的内容调整UIWebView的高度,以使UIWebView刚好装下所有内容,不用拖动,后面也不会留白。有两种方式可根据加载内容 获取UIWebView的合适高度,但都需要在网页内容加载完成后才可以,即需要在webViewDidFinishLoad回调中使用。
①.使用sizeThatFits方法。
- - (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView
- {
- CGRect frame = webView.frame;
- frame.size.height = 1;
- webView.frame = frame;
- CGSize fittingSize = [webView sizeThatFits:CGSizeZero];
- frame.size = fittingSize;
- webView.frame = frame;
- }
sizeThatFits方法有个问题,如果当前UIView的大小比刚好合适的大小还大,则返回当前的大小,不会返回最合适的大小值,所以使用 sizeThatFits前,先将UIWebView的高度设为最小,即1,然后再使用sizeThatFits就会返回刚好合适的大小。
②、使用JavaScript
- - (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView
- {
- CGRect frame = webView.frame;
- NSString *fitHeight = [webview stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.body.scrollHeight;"];
- frame.size.height = [fitHeight floatValue];
- webView.frame = frame;
- }
总结:
首先 对IOS开发中的UIWebView控件的基本使用进行初步的详解,提到了创建、设置属性、设置背景、怎么样加载网页内容等一系列的基础点,然后阐述使用UIWebView控件时常用用注意点,经常需要用到的地方,需要注意的地方,使得对开发ios APP混合模式的桥梁---UIWebView控件更加的了解、熟悉。UIWebView既能够加载服务器提供的URI,又能够加载本地的资源文件,还能够加载服务器返回的网页界面代码,可想而知UIWebView是多么强大的一控件桥梁,以后在开发中使用到的地方会越来越多。