Beautiful Soup库,也叫beautifulsoup4 或bs4
约定引用方式如下,即主要是用BeautifulSoup类
import bs4 from
import bs4 from BeautifulSoup
4种解析器:
soup = BeautifulSoup(‘<html>data</html>’,’html.parser’)
bs4的HTML解析器 BeautifulSoup(mk,’html.parser’) 安装bs4库
lxml的HTML解析器 BeautifulSoup(mk,’lxml’) pip install lxml
lxml的XML解析器 BeautifulSoup(mk,’xml’) pip install lxml
html5lib的解析器 BeautifulSoup(mk,’html5lib’) pip install html5lib
BeautifulSoup类5种基本元素:
Tag 标签,最基本的信息组织单元,分别用<>和</>标明开头和结尾
Name 标签的名字,<p>…</p>的名字是’p’,格式:<tag>.name
Attributes 标签的属性,字典形式组织,格式:<tag>.attrs
NavigableString 标签内非属性字符串,<>…</>中字符串,格式:<tag>.string
Comment 标签内字符串的注释部分,一种特殊的Comment类型
Tag 标签:
任何存在于HTML语法中的标签都可以用soup.<tag>访问获得
当HTML文档中存在多个相同<tag>对应内容时,soup.<tag>返回第一个
最好大学排名实例:
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import bs4
def getHTMLText(url):
try:
r = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
return r.text
except:
return ""
def fillUnivList(ulist, html):
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
for tr in soup.find('tbody').children:
if isinstance(tr, bs4.element.Tag):
tds = tr('td')
ulist.append([tds[0].string, tds[1].string, tds[3].string])
def printUnivList(ulist, num):
tplt = "{0:^10}\t{1:{3}^10}\t{2:^10}"
print(tplt.format("排名","学校名称","总分",chr(12288)))
for i in range(num):
u=ulist[i]
print(tplt.format(u[0],u[1],u[2],chr(12288)))
def main():
uinfo = []
url = 'https://www.zuihaodaxue.cn/zuihaodaxuepaiming2016.html'
html = getHTMLText(url)
fillUnivList(uinfo, html)
printUnivList(uinfo, 20) # 20 univs
main()