估计很多人用过或者了解过photoshop,也有web版的ps工具,ps的主板页面就是今天讲的画布。
下面用几十行代码实现一个具有基本功能的画布。
1、先创建canvas
<canvas id="canvas" width="400px" height="200px" style="border:1px solid #000000;"></canvas>
2、在script脚本中创建canvas画布环境
let canvas = document.getElementById('canvas')
let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
3、实现画笔功能
思路:鼠标按下,然后在移动过程中就是画笔划线的过程,鼠标抬起意味着画线结束。由此可见要用到三个事件:mousedown、mousemove、mouseup,监听这三个事件。定义一个变量表示鼠标按下和抬起,在mousemove函数中实现画线功能,用ctx.lineTo实现画线逻辑,两个参数分别为e.pageX - canvasStyle.x和e.pageY - canvasStyle.y,代码如下:
let canvasStyle = canvas.getBoundingClientRect()
let isDrawing = false
canvas.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => {
isDrawing = true
ctx.moveTo(e.pageX - canvasStyle.x, e.pageY - canvasStyle.y);
})
canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
if(isDrawing) {
ctx.lineTo(e.pageX - canvasStyle.x, e.pageY - canvasStyle.y);
ctx.stroke();
}
})
canvas.addEventListener('mouseup', (e) => {
isDrawing = false
})
到这一步画布画线签名功能已经完成了,可以看看如下结果:
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-JC8fdVns-1663792334083)(https://p1-juejin.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-k3u1fbpfcp/d873d100c3d44687a49224cd8eb70f8d~tplv-k3u1fbpfcp-watermark.image?)]
但是为了功能好用一些,添加一些保存图片的功能
4、添加保存为图片的功能
在html中:
<input type="text" name="" id="name-input" placeholder="请输入图片名称">
<button id="save-btn">保存为图片</button>
js代码:
let saveBtn = document.getElementById('save-btn')
saveBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
saveToImg()
})
let nameInput = document.getElementById('name-input')
let name = ''
nameInput.addEventListener('change', (e) => {
name = e.target.value
})
function saveToImg() {
canvas.toBlob((blob) => {
let a = document.createElement('a')
document.body.append(a)
a.download = name + '.png'
a.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob)
a.click()
a.remove()
})
}
输入图片名称,再点击保存图片按钮就能下载图片了。
还可以添加个清除画布的功能
html中:
<button id="clear-btn" onclick="clearCanvas()">清除画布</button>
js代码:
function clearCanvas() {
let w = canvas.width
let h = canvas.height
canvas.width = w
canvas.height = h
}
重置canvas的宽高就行彻底清除画布了,不要用ctx.clearRect,因为clearRect清除画布是不彻底的:清除后再画线时,之前的线条也会出现。
完整代码如下:
html代码:
<canvas id="canvas" width="400px" height="200px" style="border:1px solid #000000;"></canvas>
<div>
<input type="text" name="" id="name-input" placeholder="请输入图片名称">
<button id="save-btn">保存为图片</button>
<button id="clear-btn" onclick="clearCanvas()">清除画布</button>
</div>
js代码:
<script>
let canvas = document.getElementById('canvas')
let canvasStyle = canvas.getBoundingClientRect()
let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
let isDrawing = false
canvas.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => {
isDrawing = true
ctx.moveTo(e.pageX - canvasStyle.x, e.pageY - canvasStyle.y);
})
canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
if(isDrawing) {
ctx.lineTo(e.pageX - canvasStyle.x, e.pageY - canvasStyle.y);
ctx.stroke();
}
})
canvas.addEventListener('mouseup', (e) => {
isDrawing = false
})
let saveBtn = document.getElementById('save-btn')
saveBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
saveToImg()
})
let nameInput = document.getElementById('name-input')
let name = ''
nameInput.addEventListener('change', (e) => {
name = e.target.value
})
function saveToImg() {
canvas.toBlob((blob) => {
let a = document.createElement('a')
document.body.append(a)
a.download = name + '.png'
a.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob)
a.click()
a.remove()
})
}
function clearCanvas() {
let w = canvas.width
let h = canvas.height
canvas.width = w
canvas.height = h
}
</script>
界面如下图: