C#基础_19 委托详解

委托简单使用

Action与Func委托

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Calculator calculator = new Calculator();

            Action action = new Action(calculator.Report);
            calculator.Report();    // 直接调用
            action.Invoke();        // 间接调用
            action();               // 简略写法

            Func<int, int, int> func1 = new Func<int, int, int>(calculator.Add);
            Func<int, int, int> func2 = new Func<int, int, int>(calculator.Sub);

            int x = 100;
            int y = 200;
            int z = 0;

            z = func1.Invoke(x, y); // 间接调用
            //z = func1(x, y);      // 简略写法
            Console.WriteLine(z);
            z = func2.Invoke(x, y);
            //z = func2(x, y);
            Console.WriteLine(z);
        }
    }

    public class Calculator
    {
        public void Report()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("I have 3 methods.");
        }

        public int Add(int a, int b)
        {
            int result = a + b;
            return result;
        }

        public int Sub(int a, int b)
        {
            int result = a - b;
            return result;
        }
    }

委托的声明（自定义委托）

	public delegate double Calc(double x, double y);
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
            Calc calc1 = new Calc(calculator.Add);
            Calc calc2 = new Calc(calculator.Sub);
            Calc calc3 = new Calc(calculator.Mul);
            Calc calc4 = new Calc(calculator.Div);

            double a = 100;
            double b = 200;
            double c = 0;

            c = calc1(a, b);
            Console.WriteLine(c);
            c = calc2(a, b);
            Console.WriteLine(c);
            c = calc3(a, b);
            Console.WriteLine(c);
            c = calc4(a, b);
            Console.WriteLine(c);
        }
    }

    class Calculator
    {
        public double Add(double x, double y)
        {
            return x + y;
        }

        public double Sub(double x, double y)
        {
            return x - y;
        }

        public double Mul(double x,double y)
        {
            return x * y;
        }

        public double Div(double x, double y)
        {
            return x / y;
        }
    }

委托的一般使用

模板方法

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ProductFactory productFactory = new ProductFactory();
            WrapFactory wrapFactory = new WrapFactory();

            Func<Product> func1 = new Func<Product>(productFactory.MakePizza);
            Func<Product> func2 = new Func<Product>(productFactory.MakeToyCar);

            Box box1 = wrapFactory.WrapProduct(func1);
            Box box2 = wrapFactory.WrapProduct(func2);

            Console.WriteLine(box1.Product.Name);
            Console.WriteLine(box2.Product.Name);
        }
    }

    class Product
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

    class Box
    {
        public Product Product { get; set; }
    }

    class  WrapFactory
    {
        public Box WrapProduct(Func<Product> getProduct)
        {
            Box box = new Box();
            Product product = getProduct.Invoke();
            box.Product = product;
            return box;
        }
    }
    
    class ProductFactory
    {
        public Product MakePizza()
        {
            Product product = new Product();
            product.Name = "Pizza";
            return product;
        }

        public Product MakeToyCar()
        {
            Product product = new Product();
            product.Name = "Toy Car";
            return product;
        }
    }

回调方法

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ProductFactory productFactory = new ProductFactory();
            WrapFactory wrapFactory = new WrapFactory();

            Func<Product> func1 = new Func<Product>(productFactory.MakePizza);
            Func<Product> func2 = new Func<Product>(productFactory.MakeToyCar);

            Logger logger = new Logger();
            Action<Product> log = new Action<Product>(logger.Log);

            Box box1 = wrapFactory.WrapProduct(func1, log);
            Box box2 = wrapFactory.WrapProduct(func2, log);

            Console.WriteLine(box1.Product.Name);
            Console.WriteLine(box2.Product.Name);
        }
    }

    class Logger
    {
        public void Log(Product product)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Product '{0}' created at {1}. Price is {2}.", product.Name, DateTime.UtcNow, product.Price);
        }
    }

    class Product
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public double Price { get; set; }
    }

    class Box
    {
        public Product Product { get; set; }
    }

    class  WrapFactory
    {
        public Box WrapProduct(Func<Product> getProduct, Action<Product> logCallback)
        {
            Box box = new Box();
            Product product = getProduct.Invoke();
            if (product.Price>=50)
            {
                logCallback(product);
            }

            box.Product = product;
            return box;
        }
    }
    
    class ProductFactory
    {
        public Product MakePizza()
        {
            Product product = new Product();
            product.Name = "Pizza";
            product.Price = 12;
            return product;
        }

        public Product MakeToyCar()
        {
            Product product = new Product();
            product.Name = "Toy Car";
            product.Price = 100;
            return product;
        }
    }

委托的高级使用

多播(multicast)委托

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student stu1 = new Student() { ID = 1, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow };
            Student stu2 = new Student() { ID = 2, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Green};
            Student stu3 = new Student() { ID = 3, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Red };
            Action action1 = new Action(stu1.DoHomeWork);
            Action action2 = new Action(stu2.DoHomeWork);
            Action action3 = new Action(stu3.DoHomeWork);

            //action1.Invoke();
            //action2.Invoke();
            //action3.Invoke();

            action1 += action2; // 多播委托
            action1 += action3;
            action1.Invoke();
            Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.White;
        }
    }
     class Student
    {
        public int ID { get; set; }
        public ConsoleColor PenColor { get; set; }

        public void DoHomeWork()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            {
                Console.ForegroundColor = this.PenColor;
                Console.WriteLine("Student {0} doing homework {1} hour(s).", this.ID, i);
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
            }
        }
    }

隐式异步调用

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student stu1 = new Student() { ID = 1, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow };
            Student stu2 = new Student() { ID = 2, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Green};
            Student stu3 = new Student() { ID = 3, PenColor = ConsoleColor.Red };

            // 同步调用
            //stu1.DoHomeWork();
            //stu2.DoHomeWork();
            //stu3.DoHomeWork();

            // 异步调用
            //Action action1 = new Action(stu1.DoHomeWork);
            //Action action2 = new Action(stu2.DoHomeWork);
            //Action action3 = new Action(stu3.DoHomeWork);

            //action1.BeginInvoke(null, null);
            //action2.BeginInvoke(null, null);
            //action3.BeginInvoke(null, null);

            // 显式异步调用1

            //Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(stu1.DoHomeWork));
            //Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(stu2.DoHomeWork));
            //Thread thread3 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(stu3.DoHomeWork));

            //thread1.Start();
            //thread2.Start();
            //thread3.Start();

            // 显式异步调用2

            Task task1 = new Task(new Action(stu1.DoHomeWork));
            Task task2 = new Task(new Action(stu2.DoHomeWork));
            Task task3 = new Task(new Action(stu3.DoHomeWork));

            task1.Start();
            task2.Start();
            task3.Start();

            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Cyan;
                Console.WriteLine("Main thread {0}.", i);
                Thread.Sleep(1000); 
            }

            Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.White;
        }
    }
     class Student
    {
        public int ID { get; set; }
        public ConsoleColor PenColor { get; set; }

        public void DoHomeWork()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            {
                Console.ForegroundColor = this.PenColor;
                Console.WriteLine("Student {0} doing homework {1} hour(s).", this.ID, i);
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
            }
        }
    }

接口代替委托

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            IProductFactory pizzaFactory = new PizzaFactory();
            IProductFactory toycarFactory = new ToyCarFactory();
            WrapFactory wrapFactory = new WrapFactory();

            Box box1 = wrapFactory.WrapProduct(pizzaFactory);
            Box box2 = wrapFactory.WrapProduct(toycarFactory);

            Console.WriteLine(box1.Product.Name);
            Console.WriteLine(box2.Product.Name);
        }
    }

    interface IProductFactory
    {
        Product Make();
    }

    class PizzaFactory : IProductFactory
    {
        public Product Make()
        {
            Product product = new Product();
            product.Name = "Pizza";
            return product;
        }
    }

    class ToyCarFactory : IProductFactory
    {
        public Product Make()
        {
            Product product = new Product();
            product.Name = "Toy Car";
            return product;
        }
    }

    class Product
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

    class Box
    {
        public Product Product { get; set; }
    }

    class WrapFactory
    {
        public Box WrapProduct(IProductFactory productFactory)
        {
            Box box = new Box();
            Product product = productFactory.Make();
            box.Product = product;
            return box;
        }
    }