C#基础_18 传值/输出/引用/数组/具名/可选参数，扩展方法

值参数

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student stu = new Student() { Name = "Bob" };
            SomeMethod(stu);
            Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}",stu.Name,stu.GetHashCode());
        }
        static void SomeMethod(Student stu)
        {
            stu = new Student() { Name = "Tom" };
            Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}", stu.Name, stu.GetHashCode());
        }
    }
    class Student
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

创建了新的参数（副本）

引用参数

ref

值类型

		static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int y = 1;
            IWantSideEffect(ref y);
            Console.WriteLine(y);
        }

        static void IWantSideEffect(ref int x)
        {
            x += 100;
        }

输出：101

引用类型

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student outterStu = new Student() { Name = "Bob" };
            Console.WriteLine("HashCode:{0},Name:{1}", outterStu.GetHashCode(), outterStu.Name);
            Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------");
            IWantEffect(ref outterStu);
            Console.WriteLine("HashCode:{0},Name:{1}", outterStu.GetHashCode(), outterStu.Name);
        }
        static void IWantEffect(ref Student stu)
        {
            stu = new Student() { Name = "Tom" };
            Console.WriteLine("HashCode:{0},Name:{1}", stu.GetHashCode(), stu.Name);
        }
    }
    class Student
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

不创建新对象只改变对象本身

只改变属性不改变对象本身

		// 同上
		static void IWantEffect(ref Student stu)
        {
            stu.Name = "Tom";	// 改变
            Console.WriteLine("HashCode:{0},Name:{1}", stu.GetHashCode(), stu.Name);
        }

输出参数

out
使用输出参数：

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Please input first number:");
            string arg1 = Console.ReadLine();
            double x = 0;
            bool b1 = double.TryParse(arg1, out x);
            if(b1==false)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Input error");
                return;
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Please input second number:");
            string arg2 = Console.ReadLine();
            double y = 0;
            bool b2 = double.TryParse(arg2, out y);
            if(b2==false)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Input error");
                return;
            }
            double z = x + y;
            Console.WriteLine("{0}+{1}={2}",x,y,z);
        }
    }

自己实现的Double.TryParse:

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            double x = 0;
            bool b = DoubleParser.TryParse("123", out x);
            if (b==true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(x+1);
            }
        }
    }
    class DoubleParser
    {
        public static bool TryParse(string input, out double result)
        {
            try
            {
                result = double.Parse(input);
                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                result = 0; // 输出参数必须赋值
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

引用类型的输出参数

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Student stu = null;
            bool b = StudentFactory.Create("Tim", 34, out stu);
            if (b==true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Student {0}'s age is {1}.", stu.Name, stu.Age);
            }
        }
    }
    class Student
    {
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }
    class StudentFactory
    {
        public static bool Create(string stuName, int stuAge, out Student result)
        {
            result = null;
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(stuName))
            {
                return false;
            }
            if (stuAge<20 || stuAge>80)
            {
                return false;
            }
            result = new Student() { Age = stuAge, Name = stuName };
            return true;
        }
    }

数组参数

params 必须是参数列表的最后一个

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //int[] myIntArray = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 };
            //int result = CalculateSum(myIntArray);
            int result = CalculateSum(1, 2, 3); // 使用params参数直接输入数组元素即可，不必再声明新数组
            Console.WriteLine(result) ;
            
        }
        static int CalculateSum(params int[] intArray)
        {
            int sum = 0;
            foreach (var item in intArray)
            {
                sum += item;
            }

            return sum;
        }
    }

另一个例子：String.Split方法

		static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string str = "Tim,Tom;Amy.Lisa";
            string[] result = str.Split(';', '.', ',');
            foreach (var item in result)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            
        }

具名参数

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // PrintInfo("Tim", 34); // 不具名
            PrintInfo(age: 34, name: "Tim"); // 具名 参数直观且位置可变
        }
        static void PrintInfo(string name, int age)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello {0}, you are {1}", name, age);
        }
    }

可选参数

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            PrintInfo();    // 方法中定义过默认值后参数可不写
        }
        static void PrintInfo(string name = "Tim", int age = 34)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello {0}, you are {1}", name, age);
        }
    }

扩展方法（this参数）

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            double x = 3.1415926;
            //double y = Math.Round(x, 4);
            double y = x.Round(4);  //  为目标数据类型追加方法
            Console.WriteLine(y);
        }
    }
    static class DoubleExtension // 必须由静态类收纳
    {
        public static double Round(this double input, int digits)   // 添加this参数
        {
            double result = Math.Round(input, digits);
            return result;
        }
    }

举例：LINQ方法
不用LINQ：

	class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<int> myList = new List<int> { 11, 13, 24, 35, 45 };
            bool reault = AllGreaterThanTen(myList);
            Console.WriteLine(reault);
        }

        static bool AllGreaterThanTen(List<int> intList)
        {
            foreach (var item in intList)
            {
                if (item<=10)
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            return true;
        }
    }

使用LINQ方法：

		static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<int> myList = new List<int> { 11, 13, 24, 35, 45 };
            bool reault = myList.All(i => i > 10);
            Console.WriteLine(reault);
        }