Java 死锁分析

如何写一个死锁

用两个线程，两个对象，线程a锁住obj1然后再去锁obj2，线程b锁住obj2然后去锁obj1。这时候线程a持有obj1的锁，线程b持有obj2的锁，当等待时间结束，就会互相等待锁，形成死锁。

package com.example.mystudy.thread;

/**
 * Created by Jan on 2022/7/8.
 */
public class TestDeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object obj1 = new Object();
        Object obj2 = new Object();
        System.out.println("test start");
        Thread lock_a = new Thread(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":start");
            synchronized (obj1) {
                System.out.println("lock obj1");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    synchronized (obj2) {
                        System.out.println("lock obj1->obj2");
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
                }
            }
        });
        Thread lock_b = new Thread(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":start");
            synchronized (obj2) {
                System.out.println("lock obj2");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    synchronized (obj1) {
                        System.out.println("lock obj2->obj1");
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
                }
            }
        });
        lock_a.start();
        lock_b.start();
        System.out.println("test end");
    }
}

输出

test start
test end
Thread-1:start
lock obj2
Thread-0:start
lock obj1

查看死锁

  ~ jstack -h
Usage:
    jstack [-l] <pid>
        (to connect to running process)

Options:
    -l  long listing. Prints additional information about locks
    -h or -help to print this help message

执行

 jstack -l 32878

输出

Found one Java-level deadlock:
=============================
"Thread-1":
  waiting to lock monitor 0x000000013a80daa0 (object 0x000000076ae31530, a java.lang.Object),
  which is held by "Thread-0"
"Thread-0":
  waiting to lock monitor 0x000000013a80b370 (object 0x000000076ae31540, a java.lang.Object),
  which is held by "Thread-1"

Java stack information for the threads listed above:
===================================================
"Thread-1":
	at com.example.mystudy.thread.TestDeadLock.lambda$main$1(TestDeadLock.java:31)
	- waiting to lock <0x000000076ae31530> (a java.lang.Object)
	- locked <0x000000076ae31540> (a java.lang.Object)
	at com.example.mystudy.thread.TestDeadLock$$Lambda$2/1826771953.run(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)
"Thread-0":
	at com.example.mystudy.thread.TestDeadLock.lambda$main$0(TestDeadLock.java:18)
	- waiting to lock <0x000000076ae31540> (a java.lang.Object)
	- locked <0x000000076ae31530> (a java.lang.Object)
	at com.example.mystudy.thread.TestDeadLock$$Lambda$1/142257191.run(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)

Found 1 deadlock.

输出分析：
可以看到有一个deadlock，线程信息Thread-1锁住了0x000000076ae31540，等待0x000000076ae31530的锁，而线程Thread-0 锁住 <0x000000076ae31530>，等待0x000000076ae31540的锁，相互等待对方释放锁。
另外也可以使用jconsole查看，这是一个可视化界面。

选择“线程”，里面有一项叫死锁检测，这个更加的直观。