二分查找

一、查找key元素所在的下标

//1、查找key所在位置的下标
int BinarySearch(int arr[], int len,int key)//[left,right]
{
	if (arr == NULL || len <= 0)
		return -1;
	int left = 0;
	int right = len - 1;
	while (left <= right)
	{
		int mid = left +(right-left)/2;
		if (arr[mid] == key)
		{
			return mid;
		}
		else if (arr[mid]<key)
		{
			left = mid + 1;
		}
		else
		{
			right = mid - 1;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

二、查找key的值第一次出现的下标

1、方法一：

int BinarySearch_First1(int arr[], int len, int key)//[left,right]
{
	if (arr == NULL || len <= 0)
		return -1;
	int left = 0;
	int right = len - 1;
	int res = -1;
	while (left <= right)
	{
		int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
		if (arr[mid] == key)
		{
			res = mid;
			right = mid - 1;
		}
		else if (arr[mid] < key)
		{
			left = mid + 1;
		}
		else
		{
			right = mid - 1;
		}
	}
	return res;
}

2、方法二：

int BinarySearch_First2(int arr[], int len, int key)//[left,right]
{
	if (arr == NULL || len <= 0)
		return -1;
	int left = 0;
	int right = len - 1;
	while (left <= right)
	{
		int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
		if (arr[mid] == key)
		{
			if (mid >= 1 && arr[mid - 1] == key)
			{
				right = mid - 1;
			}
			else
			{
				return mid;
			}
		}
		else if (arr[mid] < key)
		{
			left = mid + 1;
		}
		else
		{
			right = mid - 1;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

三、查找key的值最后一次出现的下标

1、方法一：

int BinarySearch_Last1(int arr[], int len, int key)//[left,right]
{
	if (arr == NULL || len <= 0)
		return -1;
	int left = 0;
	int right = len - 1;
	int res = -1;
	while (left <= right)
	{
		int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
		if (arr[mid] == key)
		{
			res = mid;
			left = mid + 1;
		}
		else if (arr[mid] < key)
		{
			left = mid + 1;
		}
		else
		{
			right = mid - 1;
		}
	}
	return res;
}

2、方法二：

int BinarySearch_Last2(int arr[], int len, int key)//[left,right]
{
	if (arr == NULL || len <= 0)
		return -1;
	int left = 0;
	int right = len - 1;
	while (left <= right)
	{
		int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
		if (arr[mid] == key)
		{
			if (mid <= right - 1 && arr[mid + 1] == key)
			{
				left = mid + 1;
			}
			else
			{
				return mid;
			}
		}
		else if (arr[mid] < key)
		{
			left = mid + 1;
		}
		else
		{
			right = mid - 1;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

四、查找刚好小于key值的最大元素的下标

int BinarySearch_Small(int arr[], int len, int key)//[left,right]
{
	if (arr == NULL || len <= 0)
		return -1;
	int left = 0;
	int right = len - 1;
	while (left <= right)
	{
		int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
		if (arr[mid] == key)
		{
			right = mid - 1;
		}
		else if (arr[mid] < key)
		{
			if (mid <= right - 1 && arr[mid + 1] < key)
			{
				left = mid + 1;
			}
			else
			{
				return mid;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			right = mid - 1;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

五、查找刚好小于key值的最小元素的下标

int BinarySearch_Big(int arr[], int len, int key)//[left,right]
{
	if (arr == NULL || len <= 0)
		return -1;
	int left = 0;
	int right = len - 1;
	while (left <= right)
	{
		int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
		if (arr[mid] == key)
		{
			left = mid - 1;
		}
		else if (arr[mid] < key)
		{
			left = mid + 1;
		}
		else if (arr[mid]>key)
		{
			if (mid >= 1 && arr[mid - 1] > key)
			{
				right = mid - 1;
			}
			else
			{
				return mid;
			}
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

六、总结

1、二分查找一定要关注区间是[ ]还是[ )

2、对应找到key值的最小下标还是最大下标分别有两种方法

但是方法一：适用于几个相等的值不连续的情况（例如；在有序但是含有N ULL的字符串数组中查找字符串）

3、对于找到刚好比key值小还是比key值大的就是在区间上增加一些判断条件即可，也就是上面的第二类题的第第二种解法