在Java中使用AES实现加解密

package com.example.cipher.aes;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.UUID;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

public class AesTest {
    @Test
    public void aesTest3() {
        String plaintext = getUuid(32);
        // 如果分组模式使用CBC、CFB、OFB、CTR，则需要一个初始化向量IV
        String transformation = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding";
        // aes算法的初始化向量只能是16字节（128bit）
        String initIv = getUuid(16);
        IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec = new IvParameterSpec(initIv.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        encryptAndDecryptTest(plaintext, transformation, ivParameterSpec);
    }

    @Test
    public void aesTest2() {
        String plaintext = getUuid(32);
        encryptAndDecryptTest(plaintext, "AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding", null);

    }

    @Test
    public void simpleAesTest() {
        String plaintext = getUuid(8);
        encryptAndDecryptTest(plaintext, "AES", null);
    }

    private void encryptAndDecryptTest(String plaintext, String transformation, IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec) {
        try {
            System.out.println("plaintext = " + plaintext);
            String originKey = getUuid(32);
            // aes算法支持的秘钥长度有128、192、256比特，也就是16、24、32字节
            SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(originKey.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), "AES");
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(transformation);
            if (ivParameterSpec != null) {
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, ivParameterSpec);
            } else {
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
            }
            byte[] encryptBytes = cipher.doFinal(plaintext.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            String encryptStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptBytes);
            System.out.println("encryptStr = " + encryptStr);
            if (ivParameterSpec != null) {
                cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, ivParameterSpec);
            } else {
                cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
            }
            byte[] decryptBytes = cipher.doFinal(encryptBytes);
            String decryptStr = new String(decryptBytes);
            System.out.println("decryptStr = " + decryptStr);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private String getUuid(int len) {
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().toLowerCase(Locale.US).replaceAll("-", "");
        return uuid.substring(0, len);
    }
}