在Java中，使用RSA实现加解密

package com.example.cipher.rsa;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

public class RSATest {

    public static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "publicKey";

    public static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "privateKey";

    public static final String RSA = "RSA";

    /**
     * 私钥加密，公钥解密
     */
    @Test
    public void rsaTest2() {
        try {
            // 明文
            String plaintext = "12345";
            System.out.println("plaintext = " + plaintext);
            // 获取秘钥对
            Map<String, byte[]> keyMap = generateKeyPair();
            byte[] privateKeyBytes = keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKeyBytes);
            // 私钥
            PrivateKey privateKey = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA).generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA);
            // 使用私钥加密
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
            byte[] encryptBytes = cipher.doFinal(plaintext.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            String encryptStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptBytes);
            System.out.println("encryptStr = " + encryptStr);

            byte[] publicKeyBytes = keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
            X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKeyBytes);
            // 公钥
            PublicKey publicKey = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA).generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);
            // 使用公钥解密
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
            byte[] decryptBytes = cipher.doFinal(encryptBytes);
            String decryptStr = new String(decryptBytes);
            System.out.println("decryptStr = " + decryptStr);
            // 断言：明文和解密后的字符串相等
            assert plaintext.equalsIgnoreCase(decryptStr);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 公钥加密，私钥解密
     */
    @Test
    public void rsaTest1() {
        try {
            String plaintext = "12345";
            System.out.println("plaintext = " + plaintext);
            Map<String, byte[]> keyMap = generateKeyPair();
            byte[] publicKeyBytes = keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
            X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKeyBytes);
            PublicKey publicKey = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA).generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
            byte[] encryptBytes = cipher.doFinal(plaintext.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            String encryptStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptBytes);
            System.out.println("encryptStr = " + encryptStr);

            byte[] privateKeyBytes = keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKeyBytes);
            PrivateKey privateKey = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA).generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
            byte[] decryptBytes = cipher.doFinal(encryptBytes);
            String decryptStr = new String(decryptBytes);
            System.out.println("decryptStr = " + decryptStr);
            assert plaintext.equalsIgnoreCase(decryptStr);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void generateKeyPairTest() {
        Map<String, byte[]> keyMap = generateKeyPair();
        String publicKeyStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY));
        String privateKeyStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY));
        System.out.println("publicKeyStr = " + publicKeyStr);
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("privateKeyStr = " + privateKeyStr);
    }

    /**
     * 生成秘钥对
     * 
     * @return Map<String, byte[]> 秘钥对
     */
    private Map<String, byte[]> generateKeyPair() {
        Map<String, byte[]> keyPairMap = new HashMap<>();
        try {
            KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(RSA);
            keyPairGenerator.initialize(4096, new SecureRandom());
            KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
            PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
            PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
            keyPairMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey.getEncoded());
            keyPairMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey.getEncoded());
            return keyPairMap;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return keyPairMap;
    }
}