阅读顺序:
初步了解字符集, 编码规则的概念
https://www.zhihu.com/question/23374078/answer/24385963
发展历史 (ASCII -> GBK -> GB2312 -> Unicode -> UTF-8)
https://www.zhihu.com/question/23374078/answer/69732605
windows记事本语境下的编码含义以及ANSI
https://www.zhihu.com/question/20650946/answer/15745831
GB2312, GBK, GB18030之间的关系
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1343240
C++多字节字符
https://blog.csdn.net/K346K346/article/details/50082705
C语言宽字符——字符集与字符编码和宽字符之间的关系
https://blog.csdn.net/revilwang/article/details/8763911