Java的Introspector(内省)及BeanUtils工具包的使用

一、内省与反射

1.Introspector(内省)

内省是基于反射实现的，主要用来操作JavaBean，通过内省可以很方便的动态获取JavaBean的属性、set/get方法

2.reflect(反射)

反射就是运行时获取一个类的所有信息，可以获取.class的任何定义信息构造器、成员变量、成员方法

public class Person {
    private String userName;
    private Integer userAge;

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public Integer getUserAge() {
        return userAge;
    }

    public void setUserAge(Integer userAge) {
        this.userAge = userAge;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", userAge=" + userAge +
                '}';
    }
}

二、Introspector

1.PropertyDescriptor类

PropertyDescriptor属性描述器，描述一个属性

• public String getName() 获得属性名
• public synchronized Method getWriteMethod()获得写入属性值的方法
• public synchronized Method getReadMethod()获得读取属性值的方法

@Test
public void testPropertyDescriptor() throws Exception {
    Person person = new Person();
    PropertyDescriptor propDesc = new PropertyDescriptor("userName", Person.class);
    // propName
    String propName = propDesc.getName();
    System.out.println(propName);
    // set
    Method setMethod = propDesc.getWriteMethod();
    setMethod.invoke(person, "Jack");
    System.out.println(person.getUserName());
    // get
    Method getMethod = propDesc.getReadMethod();
    Object obj = getMethod.invoke(person);
    System.out.println(obj);
}

结果：

2.Introspector类

通过Introspector类可以获得JavaBean的所有属性

@Test
public void testIntrospector() throws IntrospectionException {
    BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(Person.class);
    PropertyDescriptor[] propDescs = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
    for (PropertyDescriptor propDesc : propDescs) {
        System.out.println(propDesc.getName());
        System.out.println(propDesc.getReadMethod());
        System.out.println(propDesc.getWriteMethod());
    }
}

结果：

三、BeanUtils

Apache提供BeanUtills工具包操作JavaBean属性

• public static void setProperty(final Object bean, final String name, final Object value)   设置属性值
• public static String getProperty(final Object bean, final String name)                              获得属性值
• public static void copyProperty(final Object bean, final String name, final Object value) 将属性值复制到bean
• public static void copyProperties(final Object dest, final Object orig)                               将原始bean复制到目标bean（深克隆）
• public static void populate(final Object bean, final Map<String, ? extends Object> properties)  map赋值到bean

1.maven依赖

<dependency>
  <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
  <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
  <version>1.9.4</version>
</dependency>

2.使用

@Test
public void testBeanUtils() throws Exception {
    Person person = new Person();
    // setProperty
    BeanUtils.setProperty(person, "userName", "Rose");
    System.out.println(person.getUserName());
    // getProperty
    String userName = BeanUtils.getProperty(person, "userName");
    System.out.println(userName);
}

@Test
public void testBeanUtilsPopulate() throws Exception  {
    Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("userAge", "18");
    map.put("no", "no");    // 不存在的属性不会出现异常
    Person person = new Person();
    BeanUtils.populate(person, map);
    System.out.println(person);
}

3.BeanUtils的优势

• BeanUtils相对于Introspector代码少
• Introspector写入属性值是需要知道参数类型，BeanUtils可以自动类型转换
• Introspector对于不存在的属性会出现异常，BeanUtils不会报错

对于userAge赋值，Introspector的Method需要传入int类型，否则会报错

@Test
public void testPropertyDescriptorUserAge() throws Exception {
    Person person = new Person();
    PropertyDescriptor propDesc = new PropertyDescriptor("userAge", Person.class);
    // set
    Method setMethod = propDesc.getWriteMethod();
    // 会出现异常，参数不匹配，值需要为int类型
    setMethod.invoke(person, "18");
    System.out.println(person.getUserAge());
}

@Test
public void testBeanUtilsUserAge() throws Exception {
    Person person = new Person();
    // set
    BeanUtils.setProperty(person, "userAge", "18");
    System.out.println(person.getUserAge());
}