AS31 Documentation
This document is an adaptation of the original AS31 man page written by Ken Stauffer (University of Calgary), stauffer@cpsc.ucalgary.ca, who is of course the original author of AS31. All of the little changes made here at OSU are reflected in this documentation (I hope).Usage
as31 [-Fformat] [-Aarg] [-l] infile.asm
as31 [-Fformat] [-Aarg] [-l] infile
AS31 assembles infile.asm into one of several different output formats. The output will be in a file called infile.obj. The .asm extension is required.
Command Line Options
The options must appear before the input file name. Both options are optional. The text of each flag must appear on the same argument as the flag. For example, "-Fod" is a valid argument, but "-F od" is not.
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Instructions
The AS31 assembler supports all of the standard 8051 family instructions. Please refer to this Instruction Set Reference sheet.Directives
AS31 includes the following assembler directives:-
.ORG expr
- Start assembling at the address specified by the expression expr. An error occurs if the assembler starts assembling over an address space that has previously been assembled into. .EQU symbol, expr
- Set symbol to the value of expr. The value for expr must be known during the first pass, when the line containing the .EQU is encountered. .DB expr, expr, ... .BYTE expr, expr, ...
- Assemble the bytes specified by the expression into memory. A string may also be specified with this directive. .WORD expr, expr, ...
- Assemble the words specified by the expression into memory. The byte ordering used, is that used by the 8031. .FLAG symbol1, symbol.[0-7]
- Sets symbol1 to the bit address specified by the symbol.[0-7] expression, where [0-7] denotes a character between 0 and 7. The resulting bit address is checked to see if it is a valid bit address. .END
- This directive is ignored. .SKIP expr
- Adds the value of expr to the location counter. Used to reserve a block of uninitialized data. Expr should be in bytes.
Language Lexical Details
All characters following a semi-colon are ignored until a newline is encountered.All numbers default to decimal, unless the number starts with one of the following:
-
0x or 0X
- This indicates a hexadecimal number. ie. 0x00ff 0b or 0B
- This indicates a binary number. (1's and 0's). ie. 0b1100110010 0
- This indicates an octal number. ie. 0377
All numbers default to decimal, unless the number ends with one of the following characters:
-
b or B
- This indicates a binary number. Unless 0x was used above. ie. 1010101b h or H
- This always indicates a hex number. However if the first character is not numeric, then either 0x or 0 must be specified. This avoids confusing the assembler into thinking a hex number is a symbol. For example: 0ffh, 0xffh, 0XffH, 20h, 0x20 and 020h are means to specify a valid hexdigit, but the following are not: ffh, 0ff. d or D
- This forces a number to decimal. Unless 0X was used. ie. 129d This causes the number to be interpreted as octal. ie. 377o
A character constant can be entered as 'c' where c is some character. \b, \n, \r, \t, \' \0 are also valid. A character constant can be used anywhere that an integer value can.
A string is entered as a set of characters enclosed in double quotes "". A string is only valid with the .BYTE directive. \b, \n, \r, \t, \" are also valid escapes. However \0 is not.
Instructions, directives, and the symbols: R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, A, AB, and C can be entered in upper or lower case without assembler confusion. These words however cannot be defined as a user symbol. User symbols are also case insensitive.
A symbol can be any alpha numerical character plus the underscore ('_').
Expressions are accepted in most places where a value or a symbol is needed. An expression consists of the following operators. All operators evaulate to integer objects (higher precedence operators listed first):
-
-
- Unary minus &
- Bit-wise AND. |
- Bit-Wise OR. *
- Integer multiplication. \
- Integer division %
- Integer modulus +
- Integer addition. -
- Integer subtraction. <<
- Left bitwise shift >>
- Right bitwise shift
In addition to these operators, a special symbol '*' may be used to represent the current location counter.
Examples
.org 0 start: mov P3, #0xff ; use alternate fns on P3 ; leds on P1 are inverted. setb F0 ; climbing up mov A, #0x01 ; initial bit write: cpl A ; write it mov P1, A cpl A acall delay jb F0, climbup ; climbing which way? climbdn: rr A ; down - shift right jnb ACC.0, write ; back for more setb F0 ajmp write climbup: rl A ; up - shift left jnb ACC.7, write ; back for more clr F0 ajmp write .end ; this directive ignored.