帧中继笔记

如果存在多个VC（每个连接到不同的端设备）被复用到一条接入线路上，这条线路的带宽根据所有VC对带宽的平均需求计算得出，而不是 像线路交换技术中按最大的需求得出。 Each Frame Relay Protocol data unit (PDU) consists of the following fields: 1. Flag Field. The flag is used to perform high-level data link synchronization which indicates the beginning and end of the frame with the unique pattern 01111110. To ensure that the 01111110 pattern does not appear somewhere inside the frame, bit stuffing and destuffing procedures are used. 2. Address Field. Each address field may occupy either octet 2 to 3, octet 2 to 4, or octet 2 to 5, depending on the range of the address in use. A two-octet address field comprises the EA=ADDRESS FIELD EXTENSION BITS and the C/R=COMMAND/RESPONSE BIT. 1. DLCI-Data Link Connection Identifier Bits. The DLCI serves to identify the virtual connection so that the receiving end knows which information connection a frame belongs to. Note that this DLCI has only local significance. A single physical channel can multiplex several different virtual connections. 2. FECN, BECN, DE bits. These bits report congestion: * FECN=Forward Explicit Congestion Notification bit * BECN=Backward Explicit Congestion Notification bit * DE=Discard Eligibility bit 3. Information Field. A system parameter defines the maximum number of data bytes that a host can pack into a frame. Hosts may negotiate the actual maximum frame length at call set-up time. The standard specifies the maximum information field size (supportable by any network) as at least 262 octets. Since end-to-end protocols typically operate on the basis of larger information units, Frame Relay recommends that the network support the maximum value of at least 1600 octets in order to avoid the need for segmentation and reassembling by end-users. 4. Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Field. Since one cannot completely ignore the bit error-rate of the medium, each switching node needs to implement error detection to avoid wasting bandwidth due to the transmission of erred frames. The error detection mechanism used in Frame Relay uses the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) as its basis. 用10bit表示DLCI，范围为0-1023 本地访问速率：数据进出接口的实际最大速率，典型数值在64kbit/s和4Mbit/s之间 承诺信息速率（CIR，Committed Information Rate）：在一个确定的时间间隔内，服务提供商保证在网络上传输的最大数据量，CIR=Bc/Tc(Bc是交换机在Tc间隔内承诺的最大猝发量） 超出猝发量（Be，excess Burst）：交换机试图发的超出CIR以外的最大的非承诺流量。 超出信息速率（Excess Information Rate）：超出的平均流量速率，其帧的DE比特被标记 高峰速率=CIR+EIR 一条线路上通常有多条VC，每个单独的CIR必须小于本地访问速率，所有的CIR之和经常会超过本地访问速率。 通过发送一个Inverse ARP请求信息以发现另一端上每个VC对应的三层地址信息。 bandwidth命令仅仅是逻辑上的值不会影响接口的物理带宽，它仅被某些路由协议用来确定相关的路由的度量。 可选参数允许通过VC传输广播和多播，这样才能允许动态路由协议的运行。