Ubuntu下Nginx的安装及使用

---

操作系统：Ubuntu 16.04

一、安装

有两种方法进行安装，分别为Linux包安装和源码安装

1. Linux包安装（本文未使用）

参考：nginx: Linux packages

1. Install the prerequisites:
   sudo apt install curl gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release
2. To set up the apt repository for stable nginx packages, run the following command:
   echo "deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu `lsb_release -cs` nginx" \ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
3. If you would like to use mainline nginx packages, run the following command instead:
   echo "deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu `lsb_release -cs` nginx" \ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
4. Next, import an official nginx signing key so apt could verify the packages authenticity:
   curl -fsSL https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | sudo apt-key add -
5. Verify that you now have the proper key:
   sudo apt-key fingerprint ABF5BD827BD9BF62
6. The output should contain the full fingerprint 573B FD6B 3D8F BC64 1079 A6AB ABF5 BD82 7BD9 BF62 as follows:
   pub rsa2048 2011-08-19 [SC] [expires: 2024-06-14] 573B FD6B 3D8F BC64 1079 A6AB ABF5 BD82 7BD9 BF62 uid [ unknown] nginx signing key <signing-key@nginx.com>
7. To install nginx, run the following commands:
   sudo apt update sudo apt install nginx

2. 源码安装

1. 获取源码
   链接：nginx: download
   下载任意版本的.tar.gz包，之后解压：

   tar -zxvf nginx-1.xxxxx.tar.gz
   

2. 编译安装
   cd进目录，之后：

   ./configure
   make
   make install
   

---

*可能会遇到的问题1：

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

解决：ubuntu安装nginx时提示error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library

sudo apt update
sudo apt install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev

*换了个机子，在这一步遇到了新的问题：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
libpcre3 is already the newest version (2:8.38-3.1).
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libpcre3-dev : Depends: libpcre16-3 (= 2:8.38-3.1) but it is not going to be installed
                Depends: libpcre32-3 (= 2:8.38-3.1) but it is not going to be installed
                Depends: libpcrecpp0v5 (= 2:8.38-3.1) but it is not going to be installed
 openssh-server : Depends: openssh-client (= 1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.6)
                  Depends: openssh-sftp-server but it is not going to be installed
                  Recommends: ssh-import-id but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

按照提示，执行apt-get -f install，继续报错：

Setting up openssh-server (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.8) ...
invoke-rc.d: dangling symlink: /etc/rc5.d/S02ssh
dpkg: error processing package openssh-server (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 102
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

解决方法参考：dpkg: error processing package xxx (–configure)的解决方法

mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/ /var/lib/dpkg/info_old/
mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info/
apt-get update
apt-get -f install
mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/* /var/lib/dpkg/info_old/
rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info
mv /var/lib/dpkg/info_old/ /var/lib/dpkg/info

之后就可以了

---

*可能会遇到的问题2：

./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.

解决：Ubuntu安装zlib和zlib-devel

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zlib1g.dev

---

二、使用（基于源码安装）

默认的安装目录：

/usr/local/nginx

启动：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

*建议将路径添加进环境变量（/etc/profile中的$PATH），输命令直接用nginx即可：

NGINX_PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin
export PATH=$PATH:$NGINX_PATH

常用选项：

-t：测试配置文件
-c [配置文件目录]：指定配置文件
-s reload：重载配置文件
-s stop：快速停止，相当于kill
-s quit：退出（完成当前工作后停止）

此外，配置文件目录：

/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

网页目录：

/usr/local/nginx/html/index.html

验证：
打开浏览器，跳转至：

http://localhost/

即可看到Nignx的页面