Git学习
场景模拟
最小配置
用户 zlv11 本地创建一个git仓库，推送到远程仓库； 用户一：lvzb31988 , longzq
本地git仓库用户 lvzb31988
PS C:\Users\lvzb3> git config --global user.name 'lvzb31988'
PS C:\Users\lvzb3> git config --global user.email 'lvzb31988@163.com'
PS C:\Users\lvzb3> git config --global --list
user.name=lvzb31988
user.email=lvzb31988@163.com
远程git仓库用户 lvfiqfen
打通本地仓库到远程仓库
- 新建远程空仓库
gitbranchlearn, 本地创建空仓库git_learn- 到
gitee官网 登录后，到【个人设置】->【数据管理】点击 【仓库空间信息】到右上角点击新建仓库，这里忽略SSH公钥管理步骤可参考生成/添加SSH公钥- 到本地项目 执行
git init git_learn- 绑定远程仓库和本地仓库:
git remote add origin https://gitee.com/lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn- 推送本地仓库代码到远程仓库
#绑定远程仓库和本地仓库
$ git remote add origin https://gitee.com/lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn
#推送本地仓库代码到远程仓库
$ git add -u
$ git commit -m "第一次提交"
$ git push origin master
远程仓库基于master分支创建新的分支 feature/git_add_commands
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本地git仓库克隆
feature/git_add_commands分支 目录名称叫gitbranchlearn，该目录用于lvzb31988用户模拟第一个用户操作lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp $ git clone git@gitee.com:lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn.git Cloning into 'gitbranchlearn'... remote: Enumerating objects: 14, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (14/14), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done. remote: Total 14 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 Receiving objects: 100% (14/14), done. lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp $ ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x 1 lvzb3 197609 0 Oct 8 13:03 git_learn/ drwxr-xr-x 1 lvzb3 197609 0 Oct 8 14:15 gitbranchlearn/ -
本地git仓库克隆
feature/git_add_commands分支 目录名称叫gitbranchlearn_02,该目录用于longzq用户模拟第二个用户操作lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp $ git clone git@gitee.com:lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn.git gitbranchlearn_02 Cloning into 'gitbranchlearn_02'... remote: Enumerating objects: 14, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (14/14), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done. remote: Total 14 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 Receiving objects: 100% (14/14), done. lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp $ ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x 1 lvzb3 197609 0 Oct 8 13:03 git_learn/ drwxr-xr-x 1 lvzb3 197609 0 Oct 8 14:15 gitbranchlearn/ drwxr-xr-x 1 lvzb3 197609 0 Oct 8 14:15 gitbranchlearn_02/ lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (temp) $ pwd /c/Users/lvzb3/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (temp) $ git config --local -l core.repositoryformatversion=0 core.filemode=false core.bare=false core.logallrefupdates=true core.symlinks=false core.ignorecase=true remote.origin.url=git@gitee.com:lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn.git remote.origin.fetch=+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* branch.temp.remote=origin branch.temp.merge=refs/heads/temp user.name=longzq user.email=Zhibiao.Lv@aexpec.com
用户 lvzb31988
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从远程仓库创建本地分支，同时用户
longzq也创建本地分支。# 查看本地分支和远程分支，现在是处于本地 temp 分支（longzq拉取远程的分支就是） lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn (temp) $ git branch -av * temp e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/temp remotes/origin/feature/add_git_commands e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 remotes/origin/master 51ecd33 rename a.txt to b.txt remotes/origin/temp e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 # 基于远程仓库的feature/add_git_commands 分支创建本地分支 feature/add_git_commands 并切换到 feature/add_git_commands 分支 lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn (temp) $ git checkout -b feature/add_git_commands origin/feature/add_git_commands Switched to a new branch 'feature/add_git_commands' Branch 'feature/add_git_commands' set up to track remote branch 'feature/add_git_commands' from 'origin'. # 这里可以看出 本地分支feature/add_git_commands 的 哈希码和 远程分支 /origin/feature/add_git_commands的是一致的均为：e318862 lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn (feature/add_git_commands) $ git branch -av * feature/add_git_commands e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 temp e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/temp remotes/origin/feature/add_git_commands e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 remotes/origin/master 51ecd33 rename a.txt to b.txt remotes/origin/temp -
在
feature/add_git_commands创建分支下创建dd.txt文件 往里面添加内容 本地提交2次，同时推送到远程仓库-
dd.txt第一次添加内容，本地提交第一行新创建 dd.txtD:\IdeaProjects\temp\gitbranchlearn>git add dd.txt D:\IdeaProjects\temp\gitbranchlearn>git status On branch feature/add_git_commands Your branch is up to date with 'origin/feature/add_git_commands'. Changes to be committed: (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage) new file: dd.txt Untracked files: (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) .idea/ D:\IdeaProjects\temp\gitbranchlearn>git commit -am "dd.txt" [feature/add_git_commands d48c513] 'dd.txt' 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 dd.txt -
dd.txt第二次添加内容，本地提交,并推送到远程仓库第一行新创建 dd.txt 第二行追加内容 dd.txtD:\IdeaProjects\temp\gitbranchlearn>git status On branch feature/add_git_commands Your branch is ahead of 'origin/feature/add_git_commands' by 1 commit. (use "git push" to publish your local commits) Changes not staged for commit: (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) modified: dd.txt Untracked files: (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) .idea/ no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") D:\IdeaProjects\temp\gitbranchlearn>git commit -am "add two line" [feature/add_git_commands c7edd89] add two line 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) D:\IdeaProjects\temp\gitbranchlearn>git pull Already up to date. D:\IdeaProjects\temp\gitbranchlearn>git push Enumerating objects: 7, done. Counting objects: 100% (7/7), done. Delta compression using up to 16 threads Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done. Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 562 bytes | 562.00 KiB/s, done. Total 6 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-6.4] To gitee.com:lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn.git 9e92693..c7edd89 feature/add_git_commands -> feature/add_git_commands
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-
此时转到用户
longzq进行对dd.txt进行操作,查看下面的用户longzq -
回到这里此时用户
lvzb31988本地的git仓库中dd.txt的内容还是第一行新创建 dd.txt 第二行追加内容 dd.txtgit然后对
lvzb31988用户对dd.txt文件追加一行后的内容,并提交到本地仓库和远程仓库此时就会出现冲突第一行新创建 dd.txt 第二行追加内容 dd.txtgit 第三行追加内容 lvzb31988D:\IdeaProjects\temp\gitbranchlearn>git commit -am "add line by lvzb31988" [feature/add_git_commands 6b7abef] add line by lvzb31988 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) D:\IdeaProjects\temp\gitbranchlearn>git push To gitee.com:lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn.git ! [rejected] feature/add_git_commands -> feature/add_git_commands (fetch first) error: failed to push some refs to 'gitee.com:lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn.git' hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes hint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again. hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.这里提升要进行fetch操作，我们直接pull拉取一下,就会产生冲突，冲突内容
<<<<<<< HEAD 第一行新创建 dd.txt 第二行追加内容 dd.txtgit 第三行追加内容 lvzb31988 ======= 第一行新创建 dd.txt 第一行被修改 第二行追加内容 dd.txtgit 第二行被修改 第三行是longzq用户添加的 >>>>>>> 230ba5b19b86aabf7704527c57512c74739299afD:\IdeaProjects\temp\gitbranchlearn>git pull remote: Enumerating objects: 8, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (8/8), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done. remote: Total 6 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 Unpacking objects: 100% (6/6), 648 bytes | 40.00 KiB/s, done. From gitee.com:lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn c7edd89..230ba5b feature/add_git_commands -> origin/feature/add_git_commands Auto-merging dd.txt CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in dd.txt Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.从文件里可以看出来 第一段 <<<<<< 到 ======== 之间的内容是用户
lvzb31988版本的， ======== 到 >>>>>>>> 之间的内容是用户longzq版本的；如果用idea的话拉取就会弹出来一个 merge框进行合并操作图如下，左边的框就是我们本地的版本，最右侧的框就是远程仓库的版本，中间的框就是合并处理后我们的本地版本（在这个框里面进行冲突解决后如点击apply 会进行本地commit一次），根据具体情况进行合并解决冲突即可。
然后提交到远程仓库
D:\IdeaProjects\temp\gitbranchlearn>git push Enumerating objects: 10, done. Counting objects: 100% (10/10), done. Delta compression using up to 16 threads Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done. Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 648 bytes | 648.00 KiB/s, done. Total 6 (delta 4), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-6.4] To gitee.com:lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn.git 230ba5b..c19c7bc feature/add_git_commands -> feature/add_git_commands
用户 longzq
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从远程仓库创建本地分支
# 查看本地分支和远程分支，现在是处于本地 temp 分支（longzq拉取远程的分支就是） lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (temp) $ git branch -av * temp e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/temp remotes/origin/feature/add_git_commands e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 remotes/origin/master 51ecd33 rename a.txt to b.txt remotes/origin/temp e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 # 查看本地分支 lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (temp) $ git branch -v * temp e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 # 基于远程仓库的feature/add_git_commands 分支创建本地分支 feature/add_git_commands 并切换到 feature/add_git_commands 分支 lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (temp) $ git checkout -b feature/add_git_commands origin/feature/add_git_commands Switched to a new branch 'feature/add_git_commands' Branch 'feature/add_git_commands' set up to track remote branch 'feature/add_git_commands' from 'origin'. # 这里可以看出 本地分支feature/add_git_commands 的 哈希码和 远程分支 /origin/feature/add_git_commands的是一致的均为：e318862 lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ git branch -av * feature/add_git_commands e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 temp e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/temp remotes/origin/feature/add_git_commands e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 remotes/origin/master 51ecd33 rename a.txt to b.txt remotes/origin/temp e318862 temp 分支新增第四行 -
先拉取远程仓库，可以发现拉取前没有
dd.txt,拉取后就有了dd.txt## 拉取前 lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ ls b.txt cc.txt lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ git pull remote: Enumerating objects: 11, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (11/11), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (8/8), done. remote: Total 9 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 Unpacking objects: 100% (9/9), 813 bytes | 20.00 KiB/s, done. From gitee.com:lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn 9e92693..c7edd89 feature/add_git_commands -> origin/feature/add_git_commands fe86d0e..d91ada6 master -> origin/master fe86d0e..867bf4c temp -> origin/temp Updating 9e92693..c7edd89 Fast-forward dd.txt | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) create mode 100644 dd.txt ## 拉取后 lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ ls b.txt cc.txt dd.txt -
往
dd.txt追加内容, 并且提交到本地仓库第三行是longzq用户添加的$ cat dd.txt 第一行新创建 dd.txt 第二行追加内容 dd.txtgit lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ vim dd.txt lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ cat dd.txt 第一行新创建 dd.txt 第二行追加内容 dd.txtgit 第三行是longzq用户添加的 lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ git commit -am 'add three line' [feature/add_git_commands 3b52527] add three line 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) -
修改
dd.txt内容，并且提交到远程仓库第一行新创建 dd.txt 第一行被修改 第二行追加内容 dd.txtgit 第二行被修改 第三行是longzq用户添加的lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ cat dd.txt 第一行新创建 dd.txt 第二行追加内容 dd.txtgit 第三行是longzq用户添加的 lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ cat dd.txt 第一行新创建 dd.txt 第一行被修改 第二行追加内容 dd.txtgit 第二行被修改 第三行是longzq用户添加的 lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ git commit -am'update one,two line' [feature/add_git_commands 230ba5b] update one,two line 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ git pull Already up to date. lvzb3@LAPTOP-3E5DGGO8 MINGW64 ~/Desktop/temp/gitbranchlearn_02 (feature/add_git_commands) $ git push Enumerating objects: 8, done. Counting objects: 100% (8/8), done. Delta compression using up to 16 threads Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done. Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 668 bytes | 668.00 KiB/s, done. Total 6 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-6.4] To gitee.com:lvqifeng/gitbranchlearn.git c7edd89..230ba5b feature/add_git_commands -> feature/add_git_commands -
切换到
lvzb31988用户，这里假设lvzb31988不知道longzq已经提交了，然后lvzb31988本地还在修改中，2个用户同时修改同一个文件，就会产生冲突
冲突演示小结
- 每次提交前先拉取代码，尽量及时提交代码，避免版本差异过大，解决繁琐的冲突
- 遇到冲突时，根据具体情况进行合并，然后及时提交
这里再通过 git的版本节点图进行说明：
用户
lvzb31988提交了dd.txt, 并且在里面添加了2行记录 提交到远程仓库。用户
longzq从远程仓库拉取了 前面lvzb31988的操作，并且对dd.txt内容进行了修改提交了2次本地提交，提交到远程仓库。在这期间，用户lvzb31988又对dd.txt进行了修改并且提交到了远程仓库此时，lvzb31988的本地git仓库内容和远程仓库的内容已经不一致，因此lvzb31988在提交本地仓库到远程仓库的时候就会有冲突产生，lvzb31988在提交前拉取了一下远程仓库，遇到冲突进行合并。合并后本git仓库再提交一次，再推送到远程仓库。
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