Handler分析
目录
一. 什么是handler？
1.handler允许我们去发送和处理Message和Runnable对象，这些消息和Runnable对象与一个线程的MessageQuene相关联
2.每个handler实例和一个线程以及该线程消息队列相关联
3.当我们创建一个handler，会被绑定一个Looper，Looper将会传递消息和Runnable对象到Looper关联的消息队列，并且在Looper的所对应的线程处理这些消息和Runnable对象
注意：创建Handler时如果不传入Looper,会默认使用当前线程关联的Looper
4.创建handler（如下在子线程创建）
private Handler mHandler;
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
Log.i(TAG, Thread.currentThread() + "----");
if (msg.what == 1) {
//处理消息
}
}
};
Looper.loop();
}
}).start();//在主线程或子线程发送消息，在handler 所关联线程处理消息
Message message = handler.obtainMessage();
if (message != null) {
message.what = 1;
mHandler.sendMessage(message);
}
二.handler 源码分析
根据handler的创建步骤分析
1.Looper
// sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
//Initialize the current thread as a looper.
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
//Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable to the specified value
//将Looper存入threadLocal
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
//Looper关联当前线程和消息队列
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}//运行当前线程的消息队列
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
// Allow overriding a threshold with a system prop. e.g.
// adb shell 'setprop log.looper.1000.main.slow 1 && stop && start'
final int thresholdOverride =
SystemProperties.getInt("log.looper."
+ Process.myUid() + "."
+ Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ".slow", 0);
boolean slowDeliveryDetected = false;
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
...
try {
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
dispatchEnd = needEndTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
...
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
//Quits the looper,Causes the {@link #loop} method to terminate without processing any more messages in the message queue
Looper.quit();2.Handler
public Handler() {
this(null, false);
}
//handler关联当前线程的Looper
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread " + Thread.currentThread()
+ " that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
//从ThreadLocal中获取当前线程Looper
public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}/**
* Handle system messages here.
*/
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
3.MessageQueue
3.MessageQueue//获取消息队列中的消息
Message next() {
// Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed.
// This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit
// which is not supported.
final long ptr = mPtr;
if (ptr == 0) {
return null;
}
int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
for (;;) {
if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
}
nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
synchronized (this) {
// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message prevMsg = null;
Message msg = mMessages;
if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
// Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
do {
prevMsg = msg;
msg = msg.next;
} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
}
if (msg != null) {
if (now < msg.when) {
// Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} else {
// Got a message.
mBlocked = false;
if (prevMsg != null) {
prevMsg.next = msg.next;
} else {
mMessages = msg.next;
}
msg.next = null;
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
msg.markInUse();
return msg;
}
} else {
// No more messages.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
// Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
if (mQuitting) {
dispose();
return null;
}
// If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
// Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
// in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
&& (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
}
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
// No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more.
mBlocked = true;
continue;
}
if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
}
mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
}
// Run the idle handlers.
// We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler
boolean keep = false;
try {
keep = idler.queueIdle();
} catch (Throwable t) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
}
if (!keep) {
synchronized (this) {
mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
}
}
}
// Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
// While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
// so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
}
}//Quits the looper.
//Causes the {@link #loop} method to terminate without processing any more messages in the message queue
void quit(boolean safe) {
if (!mQuitAllowed) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Main thread not allowed to quit.");
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
return;
}
mQuitting = true;
if (safe) {
removeAllFutureMessagesLocked();
} else {
removeAllMessagesLocked();
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting was previously false.
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}4.Message
public static Message obtain() {
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
if (sPool != null) {
Message m = sPool;
sPool = m.next;
m.next = null;
m.flags = 0; // clear in-use flag
sPoolSize--;
return m;
}
}
return new Message();
}
5.关系图
发送和处理消息的线程所在，产生子线程和主线程、子线程和子线程之间的通信
三.handler线程通信
1.子线程与子线程通信
handler在一个子线程发送消息，在另一个子线程处理消息
private Handler mHandler;
//子线程创建handler
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
Log.i(TAG, Thread.currentThread() + "----");
if (msg.what == 1) {
//处理消息
}
}
};
Looper.loop();
}
}).start();//在另一个子线程发送消息，在handler 所关联线程处理消息
Message message = mHandler.obtainMessage();
if (message != null) {
message.what = 1;
mHandler.sendMessage(message);
}2.子线程与主线程通信
handler在子线程发送消息，在主线程处理消息
private Handler mHandler;
//主线程创建handler
mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
Log.i(TAG, Thread.currentThread() + "----");
if (msg.what == 1) {
//处理消息 }
}
};//在子线程发送消息，在主线程处理消息
Message message = mHandler.obtainMessage();
if (message != null) {
message.what = 1;
mHandler.sendMessage(message);
}3.post与postDelay
1.post
handler发送消息，立即存入消息队列中
public final boolean post(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
{
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
2.postDelay
handler发送消息，在指定的延迟之后将消息放入消息队列
public final boolean postDelayed(Runnable r, long delayMillis)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), delayMillis);
}
3.内存泄漏
//在HandlerActivity定义handler属性
Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
Log.i(TAG, Thread.currentThread() + "----");
if (msg.what == 1) {
//处理消息
}
}
};
handler.postDelayed(myRunnable, 5000);产生内存泄漏原因：在java中非静态内部类和匿名内部类都会隐式持有当前类的外部引用，由于Handler是非静态内部类所以其持有当前Activity的隐式引用，如果Handler没有被释放，其所持有的外部引用也就是Activity也不可能被释放，当一个Activity对象已经不需要再使用了，本来该被回收时，而Handler持有它的引用从而导致它不能被回收，这导致本该被回收的对象不能被回收而停留在堆内存中，这就产生了内存泄漏.
解决方式：使用静态内部类并继承Handler时（或者也可以单独存放成一个类文件）。因为静态的内部类不会持有外部类的引用，所以不会导致外部类实例的内存泄露。当我们需要在静态内部类中调用外部的Activity时，可以使用弱引用来处理
private static class MyHandler extends Handler{
//持有弱引用HandlerActivity,GC回收时会被回收掉.
private final WeakReference<HandlerActivity> mActivty;
public MyHandler(HandlerActivity activity){
mActivty =new WeakReference<HandlerActivity>(activity);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (mActivty.get() == null) {
return;
}
HandlerActivity activity=mActivty.get();
super.handleMessage(msg);
if(activity!=null){
//执行业务逻辑
}
}
}四.HandlerThread
HandlerThread是Thread的一个子类，HandlerThread自带Looper使他可以通过消息队列来重复使用当前线程，节省系统资源开销。这是它的优点也是缺点，每一个任务都将以队列的方式逐个被执行到，一旦队列中有某个任务执行时间过长，那么就会导致后续的任务都会被延迟处理。
SharedPreference使用HandlerThread
SharedPreferencesImpl
@Override
public void apply() {
final long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
final MemoryCommitResult mcr = commitToMemory();
final Runnable awaitCommit = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
mcr.writtenToDiskLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
}
if (DEBUG && mcr.wasWritten) {
Log.d(TAG, mFile.getName() + ":" + mcr.memoryStateGeneration
+ " applied after " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime)
+ " ms");
}
}
};
QueuedWork.addFinisher(awaitCommit);
Runnable postWriteRunnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
awaitCommit.run();
QueuedWork.removeFinisher(awaitCommit);
}
};
SharedPreferencesImpl.this.enqueueDiskWrite(mcr, postWriteRunnable);
// Okay to notify the listeners before it's hit disk
// because the listeners should always get the same
// SharedPreferences instance back, which has the
// changes reflected in memory.
notifyListeners(mcr);
}@Override
public boolean commit() {
long startTime = 0;
if (DEBUG) {
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
MemoryCommitResult mcr = commitToMemory();
SharedPreferencesImpl.this.enqueueDiskWrite(
mcr, null /* sync write on this thread okay */);
try {
mcr.writtenToDiskLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
return false;
} finally {
if (DEBUG) {
Log.d(TAG, mFile.getName() + ":" + mcr.memoryStateGeneration
+ " committed after " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime)
+ " ms");
}
}
notifyListeners(mcr);
return mcr.writeToDiskResult;
}// Enqueue an already-committed-to-memory result to be written to disk.
private void enqueueDiskWrite(final MemoryCommitResult mcr,
final Runnable postWriteRunnable) {
final boolean isFromSyncCommit = (postWriteRunnable == null);
final Runnable writeToDiskRunnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (mWritingToDiskLock) {
writeToFile(mcr, isFromSyncCommit);
}
synchronized (mLock) {
mDiskWritesInFlight--;
}
if (postWriteRunnable != null) {
postWriteRunnable.run();
}
}
};
// Typical #commit() path with fewer allocations, doing a write on
// the current thread.
if (isFromSyncCommit) {
boolean wasEmpty = false;
synchronized (mLock) {
wasEmpty = mDiskWritesInFlight == 1;
}
if (wasEmpty) {
writeToDiskRunnable.run();
return;
}
}
QueuedWork.queue(writeToDiskRunnable, !isFromSyncCommit);
}
QueuedWork
/**
* Lazily create a handler on a separate thread.
*
* @return the handler
*/
private static Handler getHandler() {
synchronized (sLock) {
if (sHandler == null) {
HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("queued-work-looper",Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);
handlerThread.start();
//传入子线程Looper
sHandler = new QueuedWorkHandler(handlerThread.getLooper());
}
return sHandler;
}
}
/**
* Queue a work-runnable for processing asynchronously.
*
* @param work The new runnable to process
* @param shouldDelay If the message should be delayed
*/
public static void queue(Runnable work, boolean shouldDelay) {
Handler handler = getHandler();
synchronized (sLock) {
sWork.add(work);
//在主线程发送消息，在子线程处理消息
if (shouldDelay && sCanDelay) {
handler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(QueuedWorkHandler.MSG_RUN, DELAY);
} else {
handler.sendEmptyMessage(QueuedWorkHandler.MSG_RUN);
}
}
}
private static class QueuedWorkHandler extends Handler {
static final int MSG_RUN = 1;
QueuedWorkHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.what == MSG_RUN) {
processPendingWork();
}
}
}//调用handlerThread.start()之后，thread会调用该线程的run方法，HandlerThread复写了父类Thread的run方法，在此处创建该线程的Looper并开始循环消息队列
@Override
public void run() {
mTid = Process.myTid();
Looper.prepare();
synchronized (this) {
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
notifyAll();
}
Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
onLooperPrepared();
Looper.loop();
mTid = -1;
}
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