自动化测试（数据驱动，关键字驱动，混合驱动）

 

1. 数据驱动：测试程序（步骤）不变，测试数据是变化的，要使用不同的数据进行测试。数据与程序的分离，提示自动化测试的的可维护性。测试步骤代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
import time
import sys

#读取txt文件
def get_data(file_path):
	with open(file_path, encoding='utf-8-sig') as fp:
		datas = fp.readlines()
	
	#去掉列表数据中的“\n”
	i = 0
	for temp in datas:
		datas[i] = temp.strip()
		i += 1
		
	return datas

#获取数据文件中的search_word和expected_word
datas = get_data("data.txt")

#没获取一组数据后，都执行下面的测试步骤
for temp in datas:
	search_word,expected_word = temp.split("||")
	try:
		driver = webdriver.Chrome()
		driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
		input_ele= driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
		input_ele.send_keys(search_word)
		button_ele = driver.find_element_by_id("su")
		button_ele.click()
		time.sleep(3)

		assert expected_word in driver.page_source
		driver.quit()
	except AssertionError:
		print("没有找到断言内容%s"%expected_word)
		driver.quit()
	except Exception as e:
		print("出现未知错误")
		driver.quit()

data.txt文档与代码文档在同一个目录，文档内容如下：

天天基金||天天基金网
东方财富||12121212

 

2. 关键字驱动：将测试的步骤代码进行封装，减少重复代码的编写。直接通过txt文档写测试用例

代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
import os.path
import time

driver = None
def open_browser(brower_name):
	#driver前添加global，可以对 driver进行修改
	global driver
	if "chrome" in brower_name:
		driver = webdriver.Chrome()
	else:
		driver = webdriver.FireFox()
		
def visit(url):
	driver.get(url)
	
def input_content(xpath_ele, value):
	driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath_ele).send_keys(value)
	
def clear_value(xpath_ele):
	driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath_ele).clear()
	
def click_ele(xpath_ele):
	driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath_ele).click()
	
def sleep(seconds):
	time.sleep(int(seconds))
	#显示等待
	#WebDriverWait(driver, int(seconds)).until(lambda: driver.find_element_by_link_text(expect_word))
	
def asser(expect_word):
	assert expect_word in driver.page_source
	
def quit():
	driver.quit()

def read_date(file_path):
	#读取文件数据
	date_list = []
	with open(file_path, encoding = "utf-8-sig") as fp:
		date = fp.readlines()

	for temp in date:
		date_list.append(temp.strip())

	return date_list


flag = True 
test_date = read_date("guanjian_data.txt")

#读出的文件拼接成命令代码
for temp in test_date:
	if temp.count("||") == 0:
		command = temp + "()"
	elif temp.count("||") == 1:
		func_name, value = temp.split("||")
		command = "%s(\"%s\")" %(func_name, value)
	elif temp.count("||") == 2:
		func_name, xpath_ele, expect_word = temp.split("||")
		command = "%s(\"%s\",\"%s\")" %(func_name, xpath_ele, expect_word)
	
	try:
		#通过eval()函数执行command的代码
		eval(command)
	except:
		flag =False
		print("%s 执行失败"%command)
	else:
		print("%s 测试用例执行成功"%command)

if flag:
	print("整个测试用例执行成功")
else:
	print("整个测试用例执行失败")

data.txt文档与代码文档在同一个目录，文档内容如下：

open_browser||chrome
visit||https://www.baidu.com/
input_content||//input[@id='kw']||天天基金网
click_ele||//input[@id='su']
sleep||3
asser||天天基金
quit

3. 混合驱动：数据驱动+关键字驱动。关键字驱动测试用例中的数据，从另一个文档中读取，这样当测试用例中的数据变化时，不需要重复写测试步骤，只需要将原来测试步骤中的数据更换即可，代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
import time, os.path, sys, re

driver = None
def open_browser(brower_name):
	#driver前添加global，可以对 driver进行修改
	global driver
	if "chrome" in brower_name:
		driver = webdriver.Chrome()
	else:
		driver = webdriver.FireFox()
		
def visit(url):
	driver.get(url)
	
def input_content(xpath_ele, value):
	driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath_ele).send_keys(value)
	
def clear_value(xpath_ele):
	driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath_ele).clear()
	
def click_ele(xpath_ele):
	driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath_ele).click()
	
def sleep(seconds):
	time.sleep(int(seconds))
	
def asser(expect_word):
	assert expect_word in driver.page_source
	
def quit():
	driver.quit()

#读取测试步骤
def read_steps_file(test_steps_path):
	test_steps = []
	#判断test_steps_path路径是否存在
	if not os.path.exists(test_steps_path):
		print("%s 数据文件路径错误，请重新输入"%test_steps_path)
		sys.exit(0)
	with open(test_steps_path, encoding = "utf-8-sig") as fp:
		date = fp.readlines()
		fp.close()

		for line in date:
			test_steps.append(line.strip())
	
	return test_steps

#读取测试数据		
def read_data_file(test_data_path):
	test_data = []
	#判断test_steps_path路径是否存在
	if not os.path.exists(test_data_path):
		print("%s 数据文件路径错误，请重新输入"%test_data_path)
		sys.exit(0)
	with open(test_data_path, encoding = "utf-8-sig") as fp:
		date = fp.readlines()
		fp.close()

	for line in date:
		test_data.append(line.strip())

	return test_data

#将每行测试步骤拼接成可执行代码并通过eval()函数执行
flag = True
def create_command(fileLine):
	if fileLine.count("||") == 0:
		command = fileLine + "()"
	elif fileLine.count("||") == 1:
		func_name, value = fileLine.split("||")
		command = "%s(\"%s\")" %(func_name, value)
	elif fileLine.count("||") == 2:
		func_name, xpath_ele, expect_word = fileLine.split("||")
		command = "%s(\"%s\",\"%s\")" %(func_name, xpath_ele, expect_word)
	
	try:
		#通过eval()函数执行command的代码
		eval(command)
	except:
		global flag
		flag = False
		print("%s 执行失败"%command)

	return flag

#有几行测试数据，我们就需要执行几次测试步骤
#遍历一下测试数据，每次取出一个数据来运行测试步骤

def test_main(test_data_path, test_steps_path):
	test_datas = read_data_file(test_data_path)
	test_steps = read_steps_file(test_steps_path)
	
	#遍历测试数据
	for test_data in test_datas:
		#把test_data的json串转换成字典类型
		test_data = eval(test_data)

		#读取测试步骤
		for test_step in test_steps:
			'''
			1. 先把{{xxx}}里面的xxx找出来,正则：re.search(r"{{(.*?)}}",s).group(1)
			2. 用test_data['xxx']替换该值
			'''
			if "{{" in test_step:
				key = re.search(r"{{(.*?)}}", test_step).group(1)
				test_step = re.sub(r"{{%s}}"%key, test_data[key], test_step)
			
			#拼接代码并执行
			result = create_command(test_step)

		if result:
			print("%s整个测试用例执行成功"%test_data[key])
		else:
			print("%s整个测试用例执行失败"%test_data[key])


test_main("test_data.txt", "test_steps.txt")

测试步骤文档"test_steps.txt"如下：

open_browser||chrome
visit||https://www.baidu.com/
input_content||//input[@id='kw']||{{search_words}}
click_ele||//input[@id='su']
sleep||3
asser||{{expect_words}}
quit

测试数据文档"test_datas.txt"内容如下：

{"search_words":"天天基金网", "expect_words":"天天基金"}
{"search_words":"东方财富网", "expect_words":"东方财富"}
{"search_words":"51.job", "expect_words":"电影"}

【PS】:文档参照某老师视频编写