网络编程
- 如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 ip地址:端口 定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据
网络编程的要素
- ip 和 端口号 IP类
- 网络通信协议 udp类 和 tcp类
IP地址
ip类:InetAddress
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class netIP {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddressb = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddressb);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddressb.getAddress()); //返回的是byte
System.out.println(inetAddressb.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddressb.getHostAddress()); //ip
System.out.println(inetAddressb.getHostName()); //域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口
端口表示计算机上一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号,用来区分软件
-
被规定到0~65535
-
TCP和UDP各有65535个端口,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP :80
- HTTPS :443
- FTP :21
- Telent :23
-
程序注册端口 1024~49151 ,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat :8080
- MySQL : 3306
- Oracle :1521
-
动态、私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定端口 tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程 #ctrl + shift + esc 任务管理器
-
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
//测试端口
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostString());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());
}
}
通信协议
协议:约定
网络通信协议
问题:复杂 – > 分层
TCP/IP 协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP :用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP 和 UDP 对比
TCP 要建立连接 三次握手ABA 四次挥手ABBA
UDP不建立连接,不稳定,直接发
TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道地址,端口号
InetAddress severIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(severIP,port);
//3.发送消息IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("nsg".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
- 建立服务的端口 SeverSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接收用户消息
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true){
//2.等待客户端连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
// byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// int len;
// while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
// String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len);
// System.out.println(msg);
// }
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if(baos != null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}if(serverSocket != null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//文件接收
public class TcpFileServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("receive.png");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端接收完毕
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("OK".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//文件上传
public class TcpFileOP {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("manman.png"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,传完了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能关闭
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=is.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭连接
baos.close();
is.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
Udp
发送者
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSender {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据,控制台读取,System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye"))
break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收者
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye"))
break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
实时聊天
发送线程
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int toPort;
private int fromPort;
private String toIp;
public TalkSend(int toPort, int fromPort, String toIp) {
this.toPort = toPort;
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIp = toIp;
try{
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp,this.toPort));
try {
socket.send(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(data.equals("bye"))
break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收线程
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
public TalkReceive(int port) {
this.port = port;
try{
socket = new DatagramSocket(this.port);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
// DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
try {
socket.receive(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(packet.getPort() + ":" + receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye"))
break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
the one
public class TalkAn {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(8848,9949,"localhost")).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999)).start();
}
}
another
public class TalkEx {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(9999,5555,"localhost")).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8848)).start();
}
}
URL
统一资源定位符
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLZ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
URL url = new URL("https://space.bilibili.com/95256449/channel/seriesdetail?sid=393820");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口
System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件
System.out.println(url.getFile()); //全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数
//下载网络资源
//1.下载地址
URL urlDownload = new URL("https://img.toy-people.com/member/161588218410.jpg");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) urlDownload.openConnection(); //打开连接
InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream(); //得到输入流
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("gaogaigar.jpg"); //写文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; //缓冲写文件
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
is.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}