数组在内存中是连续存放的吗

用栈声明的时候很明显，都是连续的。
在堆上的时候，由于是分批次分配内存（首先new出或malloc多少行，然后每一行再分别new），因此其存放是平行的几条连续存储，每一行是连续的，行与行之间并不连续。为此，我们尝试创建一个2X4的二维矩阵如下
A B C D
E F G H

打印其地址来证明。代码如下，为了直观，略去了一些安全检查。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
void C_stack();
void C_malloc();
void CXX_stack();
void CXX_new();
#ifdef __cplusplus
};
#endif

void C_stack(){
    printf("====== C stack ======\n");
    char str[2][4] = { {65,66,67,68}, {69,70,71,72} };
    for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++){
            printf("[%c]%p\t", str[i][j], &str[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("=====================\n\n");
}
void C_malloc(){
    printf("====== C malloc ======\n");
    
    char **str = (char **)malloc(2*sizeof(char *));
    
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
        str[i] = (char*)malloc(4*sizeof(char));
    char s = 'A';
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++){
            str[i][j] = s++; 
            printf("[%c]%p\t", str[i][j], &str[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
        free(str[i]);
    free(str);
    printf("====================\n\n");
}


void CXX_stack(){
    cout<<"====== Cpp stack ======"<<endl;
    char str[2][4] = { {65,66,67,68}, {69,70,71,72} };
    for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++){
            cout<<"["<<str[i][j]<<"]"<<(void *)&str[i][j]<<"\t";
        }
        cout<<endl;
    }
    cout<<"======================"<<endl<<endl;
}
void CXX_new(){
    cout<<"====== Cpp new ======"<<endl;
    
    char **str = new char *[2];
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
        str[i] = new char [4];
    char s = 'A';
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
        for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++){
            str[i][j] = s++; 
            cout<<"["<<str[i][j]<<"]"<<(void *)&str[i][j]<<"\t";
        }
        cout<<endl;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
        delete []str[i];
    delete str;
    cout<<"===================="<<endl;
}

int main(){
    C_stack();
    C_malloc();
    CXX_stack();
    CXX_new();
    return 0;
}

编译运行：

admin@ubuntu: ~ $ g++ new.cpp -o app
admin@ubuntu: ~ $ ./app
====== C stack ======
[A]0x7fffa8e11cb0       [B]0x7fffa8e11cb1       [C]0x7fffa8e11cb2       [D]0x7fffa8e11cb3
[E]0x7fffa8e11cb4       [F]0x7fffa8e11cb5       [G]0x7fffa8e11cb6       [H]0x7fffa8e11cb7
=====================

====== C malloc ======
[A]0xec6030     [B]0xec6031     [C]0xec6032     [D]0xec6033
[E]0xec6050     [F]0xec6051     [G]0xec6052     [H]0xec6053
======================

====== Cpp stack ======
[A]0x7fffa8e11ca0       [B]0x7fffa8e11ca1       [C]0x7fffa8e11ca2       [D]0x7fffa8e11ca3
[E]0x7fffa8e11ca4       [F]0x7fffa8e11ca5       [G]0x7fffa8e11ca6       [H]0x7fffa8e11ca7
=======================

====== Cpp new ======
[A]0xec6050     [B]0xec6051     [C]0xec6052     [D]0xec6053
[E]0xec6030     [F]0xec6031     [G]0xec6032     [H]0xec6033
=====================