Uboot学习笔记①---(文件目录结构、README摘要、uImage的64字节头信息)

 

uboot下载地址ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/

1、查看uboot文件目录结构

 

1. Directory Hierarchy:

2. ====================

3.  

4. /arch Architecture specific files

5. /arm Files generic to ARM architecture

6. /cpu CPU specific files

7. /arm720t Files specific to ARM 720 CPUs

8. /arm920t Files specific to ARM 920 CPUs

9. /at91 Files specific to Atmel AT91RM9200 CPU

10. /imx Files specific to Freescale MC9328 i.MX CPUs

11. /s3c24x0 Files specific to Samsung S3C24X0 CPUs

12. /lib Architecture specific library files

13. /x86 Files generic to x86 architecture

14. /cpu CPU specific files

15. /lib Architecture specific library files

16. /mips Files generic to MIPS architecture

17. /cpu CPU specific files

18. /mips32 Files specific to MIPS32 CPUs

19. /xburst Files specific to Ingenic XBurst CPUs

20. /lib Architecture specific library files

21. /powerpc Files generic to PowerPC architecture

22. /cpu CPU specific files

23. /74xx_7xx Files specific to Freescale MPC74xx and 7xx CPUs

24. /mpc5xx Files specific to Freescale MPC5xx CPUs

25. /mpc5xxx Files specific to Freescale MPC5xxx CPUs

26. /lib Architecture specific library files

27. /api Machine/arch independent API for external apps

28. /board Board dependent files

29. /common Misc architecture independent functions

30. /disk Code for disk drive partition handling

31. /doc Documentation (don't expect too much)

32. /drivers Commonly used device drivers

33. /dts            Contains Makefile for building internal U-Boot fdt.

34. /examples Example code for standalone applications, etc.

35. /fs Filesystem code (cramfs, ext2, jffs2, etc.)

36. /include Header Files

37. /lib Files generic to all architectures

38. /libfdt Library files to support flattened device trees

39. /lzma Library files to support LZMA decompression

40. /lzo Library files to support LZO decompression

41. /net Networking code

42. /post Power On Self Test

43. /rtc Real Time Clock drivers

44. /tools Tools to build S-Record or U-Boot images, etc.

uboot层次结构和调用关系

2、查看解压目录中的README文件

Software Configuration:
=======================
Configuration is usually done using C preprocessor defines; the
rationale behind that is to avoid dead code whenever possible.

There are two classes of configuration variables:

 

# README文件中说明了很多“CONFIG_”和“CONFIG_SYS_”的作用，在看makefile时不懂的话可以查询一下
* Configuration _OPTIONS_:
  These are selectable by the user and have names beginning with
  "CONFIG_".       

* Configuration _SETTINGS_:
  These depend on the hardware etc. and should not be meddled with if
  you don't know what you're doing; they have names beginning with
  "CONFIG_SYS_".

编译uboot

Selection of Processor Architecture and Board Type:
--------------------------------------------------
For all supported boards there are ready-to-use default
configurations available; just type "make <board_name>_config".

Example: For a TQM823L module type:

    cd u-boot
    make TQM823L_config

For the Cogent platform, you need to specify the CPU type as well;
e.g. "make cogent_mpc8xx_config". And also configure the cogent
directory according to the instructions in cogent/README.

make NAME_config

where "NAME_config" is the name of one of the existing configu-
rations; see boards.cfg for supported names.（NAME_config在uboot根目录中）

Finally, type "make all", and you should get some working U-Boot
images ready for download to / installation on your system:

- "u-boot.bin" is a raw binary image
- "u-boot" is an image in ELF binary format
- "u-boot.srec" is in Motorola S-Record format

#使用命令改变make编译输出uboot.bin的目录 etc.

By default the build is performed locally and the objects are saved
in the source directory. One of the two methods can be used to change
this behavior and build U-Boot to some external directory:
1. Add O= to the make command line invocations:
    make O=/tmp/build distclean
    make O=/tmp/build NAME_config
    make O=/tmp/build all

2. Set environment variable BUILD_DIR to point to the desired location:
    export BUILD_DIR=/tmp/build
    make distclean
    make NAME_config
    make all
Note that the command line "O=" setting overrides the BUILD_DIR environment
variable.

#以下这段话还不知道什么时候用的上，先记录一下

Please be aware that the Makefiles assume you are using GNU make, so
for instance on NetBSD you might need to use "gmake" instead of
native "make".

#uboot命令汇总

 

1. Monitor Commands - Overview:

2. ============================

3. go - start application at address 'addr'

4. run - run commands in an environment variable

5. bootm - boot application image from memory

6. bootp - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol

7. bootz - boot zImage from memory

8. tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol

9. and env variables "ipaddr" and "serverip"

10. (and eventually "gatewayip")

11. tftpput - upload a file via network using TFTP protocol

12. rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol

13. diskboot- boot from IDE devicebootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'

14. loads - load S-Record file over serial line

15. loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)

16. md - memory display

17. mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing)

18. nm - memory modify (constant address)

19. mw - memory write (fill)

20. cp - memory copy

21. cmp - memory compare

22. crc32 - checksum calculation

23. i2c - I2C sub-system

24. sspi - SPI utility commands

25. base - print or set address offset

26. printenv- print environment variables

27. setenv - set environment variables

28. saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage

29. protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection

30. erase - erase FLASH memory

31. flinfo - print FLASH memory information

32. bdinfo - print Board Info structure

33. iminfo - print header information for application image

34. coninfo - print console devices and informations

35. ide - IDE sub-system

36. loop - infinite loop on address range

37. loopw - infinite write loop on address range

38. mtest - simple RAM test

39. icache - enable or disable instruction cache

40. dcache - enable or disable data cache

41. reset - Perform RESET of the CPU

42. echo - echo args to console

43. version - print monitor version

44. help - print online help

45. ? - alias for 'help'

 

3、uImage的64字节头信息

Image uImage与zImage的区别

这里就解释了uImage比zImage多的64字节是哪些

在include/image.h中的源码为

1. #define IH_NMLEN 32 /* Image Name Length */

2.  

3. /*

4. * Legacy format image header,

5. * all data in network byte order (aka natural aka bigendian).

6. */

7. typedef struct image_header {

8. uint32_t ih_magic; /* Image Header Magic Number */

9. uint32_t ih_hcrc; /* Image Header CRC Checksum */

10. uint32_t ih_time; /* Image Creation Timestamp */

11. uint32_t ih_size; /* Image Data Size */

12. uint32_t ih_load; /* Data Load Address */

13. uint32_t ih_ep; /* Entry Point Address */

14. uint32_t ih_dcrc; /* Image Data CRC Checksum */

15. uint8_t ih_os; /* Operating System */

16. uint8_t ih_arch; /* CPU architecture */

17. uint8_t ih_type; /* Image Type */

18. uint8_t ih_comp; /* Compression Type */

19. uint8_t ih_name[IH_NMLEN]; /* Image Name */

20. } image_header_t;

21. <span style="color:#CC0000;">

22. </span>

#寄存器使用情况

On ARM, the following registers are used:

    R0:    function argument word/integer result
    R1-R3:    function argument word
    R9:    GOT pointer
    R10:    stack limit (used only if stack checking if enabled)
    R11:    argument (frame) pointer
    R12:    temporary workspace
    R13:    stack pointer
    R14:    link register
    R15:    program counter

    ==> U-Boot will use R8 to hold a pointer to the global data