Matlab初阶绘图(2022b)

Matlab初阶绘图(2022b)

绘图函数

plot( ) & others

1. plot(x,y) plots each vector pairs (x,y)

2. plot(y) plots each vector pairs (x,y), where x=[1 2 … n]

   Example: plot(cos(0:pi/10:2*pi));​​

   

3. if you want to draw 2 or plots, use hold on/off​​ to have both plots in one figure.

   hold on
   plot(cos(0:pi/20:2*pi));
   plot(sin(0:pi/20:2*pi));
   hold off
   

   

4. about plot style:​ plot(x,y,'str')​​ plots each vector pairs (x,y) using the format defined in str​​.

   

   hold on
   plot(cos(0:pi/20:2*pi),'or--');
   plot(sin(0:pi/20:2*pi),'^b:');
   hold off
   
   % codes below are wrong! -->
   plot(cos(0:pi/20:2*pi),'or--',sin(0:pi/20:2*pi),'^b:')
   %错误使用 plot
   %数据必须为单个 y 值输入或者一对或多对 x 和 y 值。
   

POLISHMENT

1. Add legend to graph legend('L1',...)​

   x=0:0.5:4*pi;
   y=sin(x); 
   h=cos(x); 
   w=1./(1+exp(-x));
   g=(1/(2*pi*2)^0.5).*exp((-1.*(x-2*pi).^2)./(2*2^2));
   plot(x,y,'bd-',x,h,'gp:',x,w,'ro-',x,g,'c^-');
   

   ​

   Lack ‘name’, title, xlable, ylable …

   Make a little adjustment !

   legend('sin(x)','cos(x)','Sigmoid','Gauss function');
   xlabel('x=0 to x=4\pi');
   ylabel('values of different functions');
   title('Function Plots');
   % 引号内可以使用Markdown写法
   

   ​

2. text( ) & annotation( )

   x = linspace(0,3); 
   % x的取值范围
   y = x.^2.*sin(x); 
   plot(x,y);
   line([2,2],[0,2^2*sin(2)]);
   % 括号内前者为line的x坐标范围，后者同理，为y取值范围
   str = '$$\int_{0}^{2} x^2\sin(x) \textup dx$$';
   text(0.25,2.5,str,'Interpreter','latex');
   % Latex写法好麻烦啊，$$转义，'\test'貌似不能用
   % 前两个数为公式起始点坐标（自变量的值）
   annotation('arrow','X',[0.32,0.45],'Y',[0.6,0.4]);
   % XY后的范围貌似指的是在图窗中的比例（即横纵都为1，起点与坐标原点重合）
   

   ​

3. Excercise

   t=linspace(1,2);
   % t=1:0.1:2;
   % 找不同
   f=t.^2;
   % 从矩阵运算角度理解为啥要用点乘幂。。。
   g=sin(2*pi*t);
   plot(t,f,'k-',t,g,'ro');
   legend('t^2','sin2\pit');
   xlabel('Time(ms)');
   ylabel('f(t)');
   title('Mini Assignment #1');
   

   ​

Figure Adjustment

Several properties:

Font & Size, Line width, Axis limit, Tick position, Tick label

Identify the Handle of An Object

When create h = plot(x,y);​ ‘h’ is the handle of this ‘line’ of function.

To fetch properties, use get ( )​ ; To modify properties, use set ( )​

Setting examples:

Axis:

x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 1000);
% 1000为点的数量，不输默认100
y = sin(x); h = plot(x,y);
get(h)

...
% codes above
set(gca, 'XLim', [0, 2*pi]);
set(gca, 'YLim', [-1.2, 1.2]);
% modify the length of axis
set(gca, 'FontSize', 25);
set(gca, 'XTick', 0:pi/2:2*pi);
set(gca, 'XTickLabel', 0:90:360);
% xtick 的替换
set(gca, 'FontName', 'sym');
set(gca, 'XTickLabel', {'0', '\pi/2', '\pi', '3\pi/2', '2\pi'});
% symbol(sym)

Line:

...
set(h, 'LineStyle', '-.','LineWidth', 7.0, 'Color', 'g');
% another choice ->
% plot(x,y, '-.g','LineWidth', 7.0);

Marker:

x=rand(20,1); set(gca, 'FontSize', 18);
plot(x,'-md','LineWidth', 2, 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'k','MarkerFaceColor', 'g', 'MarkerSize', 10);
xlim([1, 20]);
% equal to 'set(gca, 'XLim', [1,20]);'

Other applications

存在多图时进行图操作，操作的是当前图 (current plot), 例如最后一张图上的操作。

draw many lines in different axis:

x = -10:0.1:10;
y1 = x.^2 - 8;
y2 = exp(x);
figure, plot(x,y1);
figure, plot(x,y2);

position:

draw many plots in one window:

subplot( )

t = 0:0.1:2*pi; x = 3*cos(t); y = sin(t);
subplot(2, 2, 1); plot(x, y); axis normal
subplot(2, 2, 2); plot(x, y); axis square
subplot(2, 2, 3); plot(x, y); axis equal
subplot(2, 2, 4); plot(x, y); axis equal tight