c++ 虚函数基础1

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 17:06:35 发布

-西门吹雪

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 17:06:35 发布

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分类专栏： C++ 文章标签：虚函数

本文原创作者：-西门吹雪 MMTS_yang

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/MMTS_yang/article/details/124126865

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初识虚函数

虚函数

源码如下

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A{
public:
  virtual void printAA(){cout<<"print A";}
};
class B:public A{
public:
  virtual void printAA(){cout<<"print B";}
};

int main()
{
  A* a = new B();
  a->printAA();

  B b;
  b.printAA();

  delete a;
  return 0;
}

编译器生成如下

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{

  public:
  inline virtual void printAA()
  {
    std::operator<<(std::cout, "print A");
  }

  // inline constexpr A() noexcept = default;
};


class B : public A
{

  public:
  inline virtual void printAA()
  {
    std::operator<<(std::cout, "print B");
  }

  // inline constexpr B() noexcept = default;
};

int main()
{
  A * a = static_cast<A *>(new B());
  a->printAA();
  B b = B();
  b.printAA();
  delete a;
  return 0;
}

汇编代码如下：

.LC0:
        .string "print A"
A::printAA():
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        sub     rsp, 16
        mov     QWORD PTR [rbp-8], rdi
        mov     esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC0
        mov     edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZSt4cout
        call    std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)
        nop
        leave
        ret
.LC1:
        .string "print B"
B::printAA():
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        sub     rsp, 16
        mov     QWORD PTR [rbp-8], rdi
        mov     esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC1
        mov     edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZSt4cout
        call    std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)
        nop
        leave
        ret
A::A() [base object constructor]:
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        mov     QWORD PTR [rbp-8], rdi
        mov     edx, OFFSET FLAT:vtable for A+16
        mov     rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-8]
        mov     QWORD PTR [rax], rdx
        nop
        pop     rbp
        ret
B::B() [base object constructor]:
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        sub     rsp, 16
        mov     QWORD PTR [rbp-8], rdi
        mov     rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-8]
        mov     rdi, rax
        call    A::A() [base object constructor]
        mov     edx, OFFSET FLAT:vtable for B+16
        mov     rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-8]
        mov     QWORD PTR [rax], rdx
        nop
        leave
        ret
main:
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        push    rbx
        sub     rsp, 24
        mov     edi, 8
        call    operator new(unsigned long)
        mov     rbx, rax
        mov     QWORD PTR [rbx], 0
        mov     rdi, rbx
        call    B::B() [complete object constructor]
        mov     QWORD PTR [rbp-24], rbx
        mov     rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-24]
        mov     rax, QWORD PTR [rax]
        mov     rdx, QWORD PTR [rax]
        mov     rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-24]
        mov     rdi, rax
        call    rdx
        mov     eax, OFFSET FLAT:vtable for B+16
        mov     QWORD PTR [rbp-32], rax
        lea     rax, [rbp-32]
        mov     rdi, rax
        call    B::printAA()
        mov     rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-24]
        test    rax, rax
        je      .L6
        mov     rdi, rax
        call    operator delete(void*)
.L6:
        mov     eax, 0
        mov     rbx, QWORD PTR [rbp-8]
        leave
        ret
vtable for B:
        .quad   0
        .quad   typeinfo for B
        .quad   B::printAA()
vtable for A:
        .quad   0
        .quad   typeinfo for A
        .quad   A::printAA()
typeinfo for B:
        .quad   vtable for __cxxabiv1::__si_class_type_info+16
        .quad   typeinfo name for B
        .quad   typeinfo for A
typeinfo name for B:
        .string "1B"
typeinfo for A:
        .quad   vtable for __cxxabiv1::__class_type_info+16
        .quad   typeinfo name for A
typeinfo name for A:
        .string "1A"
__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int):
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        sub     rsp, 16
        mov     DWORD PTR [rbp-4], edi
        mov     DWORD PTR [rbp-8], esi
        cmp     DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 1
        jne     .L10
        cmp     DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 65535
        jne     .L10
        mov     edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZStL8__ioinit
        call    std::ios_base::Init::Init() [complete object constructor]
        mov     edx, OFFSET FLAT:__dso_handle
        mov     esi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZStL8__ioinit
        mov     edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev
        call    __cxa_atexit
.L10:
        nop
        leave
        ret
_GLOBAL__sub_I_main:
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        mov     esi, 65535
        mov     edi, 1
        call    __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)
        pop     rbp
        ret

运行结果,可以保证在运行期实现动态绑定。

print Bprint B

非虚函数

若类A和类B 的printAA()函数均不是虚函数，生成如下，从代码可以看出是没有变化的，只是无法在运行期无法实现动态绑定了而已。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
  public:
  inline void printAA()
  {
    std::operator<<(std::cout, "print A");
  }
  // inline constexpr A() noexcept = default;
};
class B : public A
{
  public:
  inline void printAA()
  {
    std::operator<<(std::cout, "print B");
  }

  // inline constexpr B() noexcept = default;
};

int main()
{
  A * a = static_cast<A *>(new B());
  a->printAA();
  B b = B();
  b.printAA();
  delete a;
  return 0;
}

汇编代码如下：

.LC0:
        .string "print A"
A::printAA():
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        sub     rsp, 16
        mov     QWORD PTR [rbp-8], rdi
        mov     esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC0
        mov     edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZSt4cout
        call    std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)
        nop
        leave
        ret
.LC1:
        .string "print B"
B::printAA():
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        sub     rsp, 16
        mov     QWORD PTR [rbp-8], rdi
        mov     esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC1
        mov     edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZSt4cout
        call    std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)
        nop
        leave
        ret
main:
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        sub     rsp, 16
        mov     edi, 1
        call    operator new(unsigned long)
        mov     QWORD PTR [rbp-8], rax
        mov     rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-8]
        mov     rdi, rax
        call    A::printAA()
        lea     rax, [rbp-9]
        mov     rdi, rax
        call    B::printAA()
        mov     rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-8]
        test    rax, rax
        je      .L4
        mov     rdi, rax
        call    operator delete(void*)
.L4:
        mov     eax, 0
        leave
        ret
__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int):
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        sub     rsp, 16
        mov     DWORD PTR [rbp-4], edi
        mov     DWORD PTR [rbp-8], esi
        cmp     DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 1
        jne     .L8
        cmp     DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 65535
        jne     .L8
        mov     edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZStL8__ioinit
        call    std::ios_base::Init::Init() [complete object constructor]
        mov     edx, OFFSET FLAT:__dso_handle
        mov     esi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZStL8__ioinit
        mov     edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev
        call    __cxa_atexit
.L8:
        nop
        leave
        ret
_GLOBAL__sub_I_main:
        push    rbp
        mov     rbp, rsp
        mov     esi, 65535
        mov     edi, 1
        call    __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)
        pop     rbp
        ret

运行结果如下：

print Aprint B

非虚函数可能出现的问题

用类B去实例化一个类A对象，那么printAA永远用的是类A的printAA。
类C 同时继承类A和类B,那么会导致菱形问题。

-西门吹雪

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c++ 虚函数基础1

初识虚函数虚函数源码如下#include <iostream>using namespace std;class A{public: virtual void printAA(){cout<<"print A";}};class B:public A{public: virtual void printAA(){cout<<"print B";}};int main(){ A* a = new B(); a->printAA
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