T2 彩色图像识别

• 🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
• 🍖 原作者：K同学啊 | 接辅导、项目定制
• 🚀 文章来源：K同学的学习圈子

CIFAR10是CIFAR-10是一个更接近普适物体的彩色图像数据集。CIFAR-10 是由Hinton 的学生Alex Krizhevsky 和Ilya Sutskever 整理的一个用于识别普适物体的小型数据集。一共包含10 个类别的RGB 彩色图片：飞机（ airplane ）、汽车（ automobile ）、鸟类（ bird ）、猫（ cat ）、鹿（ deer ）、狗（ dog ）、蛙类（ frog ）、马（ horse ）、船（ ship ）和卡车（ truck ）。每个图片的尺寸为32 × 32 ，每个类别有6000个图像，数据集中一共有50000 张训练图片和10000 张测试图片。

与MNIST 数据集中目比， CIFAR-10 真高以下不同点
(1)、CIFAR-10 是3 通道的彩色RGB 图像，而MNIST 是灰度图像。
(2)、CIFAR-10 的图片尺寸为32 × 32 ， 而MNIST 的图片尺寸为28 × 28 ，比MNIST 稍大。
(3)、相比于手写字符， CIFAR-10 含有的是现实世界中真实的物体，不仅噪声很大，而且物体的比例、特征都不尽相同，这为识别带来很大困难。
下面本文以CIFAR10数据集为例实现一个两层卷积神经网络的简单模型。电脑配置

Current time: 2023-11-03 19:07:10.120599
Python version: 3.6.15 (default, Dec  3 2021, 18:25:24) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
Tensorflow version 2.6.2
Matplotlib version 3.3.4
Device: CPU

一 前期准备

1. 设置GPU

在anaconda prompt中新建名称为tensorflow_cpu的环境，并安装tensorflow，matplotlib的包。同时脚本代码为ipy文件，需要安装ipykernel。

conda create -n tensorflow_cpu python=3.6
conda activate tensorflow_cpu
pip install tensorflow
pip install matplotlib
pip install ipykernel

输出使用的电脑配置。

from datetime import datetime
import sys
import matplotlib
print("Current time:", datetime.today())
print("Python version:", sys.version)
print("Tensorflow version", tf.__version__)
print("Matplotlib version", matplotlib.__version__)
gpus = tf.config.list_physical_devices("GPU")
if gups:
    gpu0 = gpus[0]
    tf.config.experimental.set_memory_growth(gpu0, True)
    tf.config.set_visible_devices([gpu0],"GPU")
    print("Device: GPU")
else:
    print("Device: CPU")

2. 导入数据

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import datasets, layers, models
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
(train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = datasets.cifar10.load_data()
print(len(train_images))
print(len(test_images))
50000
10000

3. 归一化

train_images, test_images = train_images/255, test_images/255
train_images.shape,test_images.shape, train_labels.shape,test_labels.shape
((50000, 32, 32, 3), (10000, 32, 32, 3), (50000, 1), (10000, 1))

4. 可视化

class_names = ['airplane', 'automobile','bird','cat','deer','dog','frog','horse','ship','truck']
plt.figure(figsize=(20,10))
for i in range(20):
    plt.subplot(5,10, i+1)
    plt.xticks([])
    plt.yticks([])
    plt.grid(False)
    plt.imshow(train_images[i], cmap=plt.cm.binary)
    plt.xlabel(class_names[train_labels[i][0]])
plt.show()

二 构建网络模型

1. 搭建模型

构建三层卷积、两层全连接的神经网络。

model = models.Sequential([
    layers.Conv2D(32,(3,3),activation='relu',input_shape=(32,32,3)),
    layers.MaxPooling2D((2,2)),
    layers.Conv2D(64,(3,3),activation='relu'),
    layers.MaxPooling2D((2,2)),
    layers.Conv2D(64, (3,3), activation='relu'),
    layers.Flatten(),
    layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'),
    layers.Dense(10)
])
model.summary()

模型结构如下所示

Model: "sequential"
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
conv2d (Conv2D)              (None, 30, 30, 32)        896       
_________________________________________________________________
max_pooling2d (MaxPooling2D) (None, 15, 15, 32)        0         
_________________________________________________________________
conv2d_1 (Conv2D)            (None, 13, 13, 64)        18496     
_________________________________________________________________
max_pooling2d_1 (MaxPooling2 (None, 6, 6, 64)          0         
_________________________________________________________________
conv2d_2 (Conv2D)            (None, 4, 4, 64)          36928     
_________________________________________________________________
flatten (Flatten)            (None, 1024)              0         
_________________________________________________________________
dense (Dense)                (None, 64)                65600     
_________________________________________________________________
dense_1 (Dense)              (None, 10)                650       
=================================================================
Total params: 122,570
Trainable params: 122,570
Non-trainable params: 0

三 编译

model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True),
              metrics=['accuracy'])

四 训练模型

history = model.fit(train_images, train_labels, epochs = 10, validation_data=(test_images, test_labels))

训练过程如下

Epoch 1/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 32s 20ms/step - loss: 1.1760 - accuracy: 0.5820 - val_loss: 1.2314 - val_accuracy: 0.5684
Epoch 2/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 30s 19ms/step - loss: 1.0230 - accuracy: 0.6395 - val_loss: 1.0207 - val_accuracy: 0.6404
Epoch 3/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 27s 17ms/step - loss: 0.9278 - accuracy: 0.6748 - val_loss: 0.9497 - val_accuracy: 0.6683
Epoch 4/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 27s 17ms/step - loss: 0.8613 - accuracy: 0.6992 - val_loss: 0.9768 - val_accuracy: 0.6634
Epoch 5/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 27s 17ms/step - loss: 0.8050 - accuracy: 0.7179 - val_loss: 0.9045 - val_accuracy: 0.6842
Epoch 6/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 26s 17ms/step - loss: 0.7548 - accuracy: 0.7341 - val_loss: 0.8928 - val_accuracy: 0.6960
Epoch 7/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 27s 17ms/step - loss: 0.7123 - accuracy: 0.7500 - val_loss: 0.8862 - val_accuracy: 0.6960
Epoch 8/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 27s 17ms/step - loss: 0.6743 - accuracy: 0.7613 - val_loss: 0.8551 - val_accuracy: 0.7043
Epoch 9/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 27s 17ms/step - loss: 0.6401 - accuracy: 0.7732 - val_loss: 0.8911 - val_accuracy: 0.6996
Epoch 10/10
1563/1563 [==============================] - 30s 19ms/step - loss: 0.6060 - accuracy: 0.7849 - val_loss: 0.8726 - val_accuracy: 0.7102

五 预测

plt.imshow(test_images[1])
import numpy as np
pre = model.predict(test_images)
print(class_names[np.argmax(pre[1])])
ship

![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/cfebf30b0b254833a5c12e238fa72ca4.png#pic_center

六 模型评估

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot(history.history['accuracy'], label='accuracy')
plt.plot(history.history['val_accuracy'], label='val_accuracy')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.ylim([0.5,1])
plt.legend(loc = 'lower right')
plt.show()
test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(test_images, test_labels, verbose=2)
test_loss
test_acc