iOS自定义照相机

• 关于iOS调用摄像机来获取照片，通常我们都会调用UIImagePickerController来调用系统提供的相机来拍照，这个控件非常好用。但是有时UIImagePickerController控件无法满足我们的需求，例如我们需要更加复杂的OverlayerView，这时候我们就要自己构造一个摄像机控件了。

  这需要使用AVFoundation.framework这个framework里面的组件了，所以我们先要导入<AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>这个头文件，另外还需要的组件官方文档是这么说的：

  ● An instance of AVCaptureDevice to represent the input device, such as a camera or microphone
  ● An instance of a concrete subclass of AVCaptureInput to configure the ports from the input device
  ● An instance of a concrete subclass of AVCaptureOutput to manage the output to a movie file or still image
  ● An instance of AVCaptureSession to coordinate the data flow from the input to the output

  
  这里我只构造了一个具有拍照功能的照相机，至于录影和录音功能这里就不加说明了。

  总结下来，我们需要以下的对象：

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  01. @property (nonatomic, strong)       AVCaptureSession            * session;

  02. //AVCaptureSession对象来执行输入设备和输出设备之间的数据传递

  03. @property (nonatomic, strong)       AVCaptureDeviceInput        * videoInput;

  04. //AVCaptureDeviceInput对象是输入流

  05. @property (nonatomic, strong)       AVCaptureStillImageOutput   * stillImageOutput;

  06. //照片输出流对象，当然我的照相机只有拍照功能，所以只需要这个对象就够了

  07. @property (nonatomic, strong)       AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer  * previewLayer;

  08. //预览图层，来显示照相机拍摄到的画面

  09. @property (nonatomic, strong)       UIBarButtonItem             * toggleButton;

  10. //切换前后镜头的按钮

  11. @property (nonatomic, strong)       UIButton                    * shutterButton;

  12. //拍照按钮

  13. @property (nonatomic, strong)       UIView                      * cameraShowView;

  14. //放置预览图层的View 

  我的习惯是在init方法执行的时候创建这些对象，然后在viewWillAppear方法里加载预览图层。现在就让我们看一下代码就清楚了。

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  01. - (void) initialSession

  02. {

  03. //这个方法的执行我放在init方法里了

  04. self.session = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];

  05. self.videoInput = [[AVCaptureDeviceInput alloc] initWithDevice:[self frontCamera] error:nil];

  06. //[self fronCamera]方法会返回一个AVCaptureDevice对象，因为我初始化时是采用前摄像头，所以这么写，具体的实现方法后面会介绍

  07. self.stillImageOutput = [[AVCaptureStillImageOutput alloc] init];

  08. NSDictionary * outputSettings = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:AVVideoCodecJPEG,AVVideoCodecKey, nil];

  09. //这是输出流的设置参数AVVideoCodecJPEG参数表示以JPEG的图片格式输出图片

  10. [self.stillImageOutput setOutputSettings:outputSettings];

  11.  

  12. if ([self.session canAddInput:self.videoInput]) {

  13. [self.session addInput:self.videoInput];

  14. }

  15. if ([self.session canAddOutput:self.stillImageOutput]) {

  16. [self.session addOutput:self.stillImageOutput];

  17. }

  18.  

  19. }
  这是获取前后摄像头对象的方法
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  01. - (AVCaptureDevice *)cameraWithPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition) position {

  02. NSArray *devices = [AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];

  03. for (AVCaptureDevice *device in devices) {

  04. if ([device position] == position) {

  05. return device;

  06. }

  07. }

  08. return nil;

  09. }

  10.  

  11.  

  12. - (AVCaptureDevice *)frontCamera {

  13. return [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionFront];

  14. }

  15.  

  16. - (AVCaptureDevice *)backCamera {

  17. return [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionBack];

  18. }
  
  接下来在viewWillAppear方法里执行加载预览图层的方法
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  01. - (void) setUpCameraLayer

  02. {

  03. if (_cameraAvaible == NO) return;

  04.  

  05. if (self.previewLayer == nil) {

  06. self.previewLayer = [[AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer alloc] initWithSession:self.session];

  07. UIView * view = self.cameraShowView;

  08. CALayer * viewLayer = [view layer];

  09. [viewLayer setMasksToBounds:YES];

  10.  

  11. CGRect bounds = [view bounds];

  12. [self.previewLayer setFrame:bounds];

  13. [self.previewLayer setVideoGravity:AVLayerVideoGravityResizeAspect];

  14.  

  15. [viewLayer insertSublayer:self.previewLayer below:[[viewLayer sublayers] objectAtIndex:0]];

  16.  

  17. }

  18. }
  
  注意以下的方法，在viewDidAppear和viewDidDisappear方法中启动和关闭session
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  01. - (void) viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated

  02. {

  03. [super viewDidAppear:animated];

  04. if (self.session) {

  05. [self.session startRunning];

  06. }

  07. }

  08.  

  09. - (void) viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated

  10. {

  11. [super viewDidDisappear: animated];

  12. if (self.session) {

  13. [self.session stopRunning];

  14. }

  15. }
  
  接着我们就来实现切换前后镜头的按钮，按钮的创建我就不多说了
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  01. - (void)toggleCamera {

  02. NSUInteger cameraCount = [[AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] count];

  03. if (cameraCount > 1) {

  04. NSError *error;

  05. AVCaptureDeviceInput *newVideoInput;

  06. AVCaptureDevicePosition position = [[_videoInput device] position];

  07.  

  08. if (position == AVCaptureDevicePositionBack)

  09. newVideoInput = [[AVCaptureDeviceInput alloc] initWithDevice:[self frontCamera] error:&error];

  10. else if (position == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront)

  11. newVideoInput = [[AVCaptureDeviceInput alloc] initWithDevice:[self backCamera] error:&error];

  12. else

  13. return;

  14.  

  15. if (newVideoInput != nil) {

  16. [self.session beginConfiguration];

  17. [self.session removeInput:self.videoInput];

  18. if ([self.session canAddInput:newVideoInput]) {

  19. [self.session addInput:newVideoInput];

  20. [self setVideoInput:newVideoInput];

  21. } else {

  22. [self.session addInput:self.videoInput];

  23. }

  24. [self.session commitConfiguration];

  25. } else if (error) {

  26. NSLog(@"toggle carema failed, error = %@", error);

  27. }

  28. }

  29. }
  
  这是切换镜头的按钮方法
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  01. - (void) shutterCamera

  02. {

  03. AVCaptureConnection * videoConnection = [self.stillImageOutput connectionWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];

  04. if (!videoConnection) {

  05. NSLog(@"take photo failed!");

  06. return;

  07. }

  08.  

  09. [self.stillImageOutput captureStillImageAsynchronouslyFromConnection:videoConnection completionHandler:^(CMSampleBufferRef imageDataSampleBuffer, NSError *error) {

  10. if (imageDataSampleBuffer == NULL) {

  11. return;

  12. }

  13. NSData * imageData = [AVCaptureStillImageOutput jpegStillImageNSDataRepresentation:imageDataSampleBuffer];

  14. UIImage * image = [UIImage imageWithData:imageData];

  15. NSLog(@"image size = %@",NSStringFromCGSize(image.size));

  16. }];

  17. }
  这是拍照按钮的方法

  这样自定义照相机的简单功能就完成了，如果你想要再添加其他复杂的功能，可以参考一下下面这篇文章，希望对你们有所帮助。

  http://course.gdou.com/blog/Blog.pzs/archive/2011/12/14/10882.html