Python基础练习

Python基础练习

1、找两个数的最大公约数和最小公倍数

x = int(input("请输入x的值"))
y = int(input("请输入y的值"))
if x > y:
    x, y = y, x
for factor in range(x, 0, -1):
    if x % factor == 0 and y % factor == 0:
        print("{x}和{y}的的最大公约数为{factor}".format(x=x, y=y, factor=factor))
        print("{x}和{y}的最小公倍数为{value}".format(x=x, y=y, value=x * y // factor))
        break

2、水仙花数

说明：一个三位数，它的个位数、十位数、百位数的三次方相加等于它本身。例如153 = 1^ 3+ 5^3 + 3 ^3

所以关键在于将数的个位、十位、百位进行分离，并判断相加的值是否相等即可。

for num in range(100, 1000):
    low = num % 10
    mid = num // 10 % 10
    high = num // 100
    if low ** 3 + mid ** 3 + high ** 3 == num:
        print("{0}是水仙花数".format(num))

3、通过取整和取余的方式反转数据

num = int(input())
rev_num = 0
while num > 0:
    rev_num = rev_num * 10 + num % 10
    num //= 10
print(rev_num)

4、百钱百鸡

for x in range(1, 21):
    for y in range(1, 34):
        z = 100 - x - y
        if 5 * x + 3 * y + z / 3 == 100:
            print("可以买%d只公鸡，%d只母鸡和%d只小鸡" % (x, y, z))

5、斐波那契数列的实现

## 方法一：用递归调用的方式
def Feibonaci_num(n):
    result_list = []
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        result_list.append(Feibonaci(i))
    return result_list

def Feibonaci(n):
    if n < 0:
        return 0
    elif n == 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return Feibonaci(n - 1) + Feibonaci(n - 2)
      
## 通过n来控制循环的次数，每次循环产生的数通过b来接收，并写到res_li中

def Feibonaci_new(n):
    a, b = 0, 1
    res_li = []
    while n > 0:
        res_li.append(b)
        a, b = b, a + b
        n -= 1
    return res_li

print(Feibonaci_num(10))
print(Feibonaci_new(10))

6、完美数

for i in range(2, 10000):
    res = []
    for j in range(1, i):
        if i % j == 0:
            res.append(j)
    if sum(res) == i:
        print("{0}是完美数！".format(i))

7、素数

res = []
for i in range(2, 100):
    for j in range(2, i+1):
        if i % j == 0 and i != j:
            break
    else:
        res.append(i)

8、判断是否是回文数

def is_palindrome(n):
    '''判断是否是回文数'''
    temp = n
    total = 0
    while temp > 0:
        total = total * 10 + temp % 10
        temp //= 10
    if total == n:
        print("%d是回文数" % n)

9、产生4位数的字母和数字组合的验证码

import random

def generate_code(code_len=4):
    all_char = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
    last_len = len(all_char) - 1
    check_char = ""
    for _ in range(code_len):
        i = random.randint(0, last_len)
        check_char += all_char[i]
    return check_char

print(generate_code(4))

10、对文件夹下面的文件以及文件夹取出后缀名

import os
filepath = "/Users/xiaocui/Desktop/Mywork/DataAnalysis/"
file_li = os.listdir(filepath)
fileName_li = []
for fileName in file_li:
    pos = fileName.find(".")    # 判断属于文件还是文件夹，文件夹没有后缀名
    if pos != -1:
        fileName_pre, fileName_suf= fileName.split(".")
        fileName_li.append((fileName_pre, fileName_suf))
print(fileName_li)