在android 6.0以上无法获取READ_PHONE_STATE权限的SecurityException的问题

我遇到的问题是，我在明明在AndroidManifest.xml中添加了READ_PHONE_STATE权限，可是在我的手机上一直报错，错误信息如下：

getDeviceId: Neither user 10254 nor
current process has android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE.

java.lang.SecurityException: getDeviceId: 
has android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE.

 
 
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后来发现，其他非android6.0的系统都是正常的，还有一个问题，是我为了兼容android的样式，吧targetSdkVersion 19改成了targetSdkVersion 23，所以android6.0在同事的targetSdkVersion 19上运行是没问题的。

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这个问题产生有几个条件：

1. 你的测试机是android6.0以上版本；
2. 你的编译环境的 targetSdkVersion 23；
3. 你在代码中没有做权限的请求处理；

产生问题的原因：

android 6.0以上增加了动态获取权限api，想要动态获取手机的权限。类似iOS那样，在使用时，弹出对话框，提示用户，请求用户允许。如果你没做处理，就会报错。

6.0+版本的权限动态申请：

1.情况简析

(1).由于MIUI等部分国产定制系统也有权限管理，没有相关api，故无法判断用户是否允许获取联系人等隐私。在Android 6.0之后，新增权限管理可以通过官方api判断用户的运行状态；

(2).我们指定targetSdkVersion为23或者之后我们还需要在运行时请求这些所需的权限。这很重要，因为已经出现了很多开发者把targetSdkVersion飙到了最新，然后发现自己的app疯狂的崩溃，这是由于他们没有实现执行运行时权限请求的代码。当你已经把一个targeting API 为23或者之后的app发布到了Google Play上，这更是一个问题，你无法立即把那个apk的targeting API替换成更早的版本。

2.权限分析

从Android6.0开始，权限分为普通权限和许可权限。许可权限分类归组，一个权限授权之后，该组下的权限均可使用。

(1)普通权限

只需要在xml申请即可，使用方法和之前6.0以前的一样。在应用安装应用时，会默认获得许可。

(2)许可权限

可执行 $adb shell pm list permissions -d -g

Permission Group	Permissions
android.permission-group.CALENDAR	android.permission.READ_CALENDAR android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
android.permission-group.CAMERA	android.permission.CAMERA
android.permission-group.CONTACTS	android.permission.READ_CONTACTS android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission-group.LOCATION	android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
android.permission-group.MICROPHONE	android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
android.permission-group.PHONE	android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE android.permission.CALL_PHONE android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL android.permission.USE_SIP android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
android.permission-group.SENSORS	android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
android.permission-group.SMS	android.permission.SEND_SMS android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS android.permission.READ_SMS android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
android.permission-group.STORAGE	android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

同一组的任何一个权限被授权了，其他权限也自动被授权。例如，一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授权了，app也有READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS了。
源码中被用来检查和请求权限的方法分别是Activity的checkSelfPermission和requestPermissions，这些方法api23引入。

3.相关方法

(1).ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission()

检查应用是否拥有该权限，被授权返回值为PERMISSION_GRANTED，否则返回PERMISSION_DENIED

(2).ActivityCompat.requestPermissions()

将弹出请求授权对话框，这个方法在M之前版本调用，OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback 直接被调用，带着正确的 PERMISSION_GRANTED或者 PERMISSION_DENIED 。

(3).AppCompatActivity.onRequestPermissionsResult()

该方法类似于Activity的OnActivityResult()的回调方法，主要接收请求授权的返回值

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//版本判断 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 ) {      //减少是否拥有权限      int checkCallPhonePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), permission);      if (checkCallPhonePermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {          //弹出对话框接收权限          ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity. this , new String[]{permission}, id);          return ; }

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@Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult( int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int [] grantResults) {      super .onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);        if (grantResults[ 0 ] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {          //TODO:已授权      } else {         //TODO:用户拒绝      } }

4.封装

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public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {      private Map<integer, runnable= "" > allowablePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>();      private Map<integer, runnable= "" > disallowablePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>();        @Override      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);      }        /**       * 请求权限       * @param id 请求授权的id 唯一标识即可       * @param permission 请求的权限       * @param allowableRunnable 同意授权后的操作       * @param disallowableRunnable 禁止权限后的操作       */      protected void requestPermission( int id, String permission, Runnable allowableRunnable, Runnable disallowableRunnable) {          if (allowableRunnable == null ) {              throw new IllegalArgumentException( "allowableRunnable == null" );          }            allowablePermissionRunnables.put(id, allowableRunnable);          if (disallowableRunnable != null ) {              disallowablePermissionRunnables.put(id, disallowableRunnable);          }            //版本判断          if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 ) {              //减少是否拥有权限              int checkCallPhonePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), permission);              if (checkCallPhonePermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {                  //弹出对话框接收权限                  ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity. this , new String[]{permission}, id);                  return ;              } else {                  allowableRunnable.run();              }          } else {              allowableRunnable.run();          }      }        @Override      public void onRequestPermissionsResult( int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int [] grantResults) {          super .onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);            if (grantResults[ 0 ] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {              Runnable allowRun = allowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);              allowRun.run();          } else {              Runnable disallowRun = disallowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);              disallowRun.run();          }      } }</integer,></integer,>

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public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity implements View.OnClickListener{      private Button btCallPhone;      private Button btContact;        @Override      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);            btCallPhone = (Button) findViewById(R.id.call_phone);          btContact = (Button) findViewById(R.id.contact);            btCallPhone.setOnClickListener( this );          btContact.setOnClickListener( this );      }        @Override      public void onClick(View v) {          if (v == btCallPhone){              //拨打电话              requestPermission( 1 , Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE, new Runnable() {                  @Override                  public void run() {                      callPhone();                  }              }, new Runnable() {                  @Override                  public void run() {                      callPhoneDenied();                  }              });          } else if (v == btContact){              //读取联系人信息              requestPermission( 2 , Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS, new Runnable() {                  @Override                  public void run() {                      readContact();                  }              }, new Runnable() {                  @Override                  public void run() {                      readContactDenied();                  }              });          }      }        private void callPhone() {          Toast.makeText(MainActivity. this , "CALL_PHONE OK" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)                  .show();      }        private void callPhoneDenied() {          Toast.makeText(MainActivity. this , "CALL_PHONE Denied" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)                  .show();      }        private void readContact() {          ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver();          String str[] = {ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER,                  ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.PHOTO_ID};          Cursor cur = cr.query(                  ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, str, null ,                  null , null );          int count = cur.getCount();          cur.close();            Toast.makeText(MainActivity. this , String.format( "发现%s条" , count), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)                  .show();      }        private void readContactDenied() {          Toast.makeText(MainActivity. this , "Contact Denied" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)                  .show();      } }

现在给你两个链接，应该可以帮助我们解决这个问题：

问题的描述：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32635704/cant-get-the-permission

解决的方法：

https://developer.android.com/intl/zh-cn/training/permissions/requesting.html

Demo详解地址： 
http://www.jianshu.com/p/dbe4d37731e6 
Demo下载地址： 
https://github.com/SpikeKing/wcl-permission-demo

参考：http://blog.csdn.net/itheima_mxh/article/details/50578381

https://www.2cto.com/kf/201601/485016.html