RecyclerView是什么?
RecyclerView 是v7包中的新组件,是一个强大的滑动组件,与ListView相比,有Item回收复用的功能。
RecyClerView 有什么优点?
RecyclerView 已经推出了一年多了,是Android L版本中新添加的一个用来取代ListView,官方的介绍RecyclerView是ListView的升级版,RecyView相对于ListView的 优点有:
- RecyclerView 封装了ViewHolder的回收复用,也就是标准化了ViewHolder,编写Adapter面向ViewHolder,而不是在面向View。
- 搞度解耦,针对一个Item的显示RecyclerView 专门抽取出了相对应的类来控制Item显示,扩展性非常强。
- 可以控制Item增删的动画,可以通过ItemAnimator类进行控制,针对动画,RecyclerView有其自己默认的实现。
RecyclerView 有三种布局管理器:
GridLayoutManager 网格布局管理器 LinearLayoutManager 线性布局管理器 StaggeredGridLayoutManager 瀑布流布局管理器
RecyclerView的基本用法
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/recycler"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
</android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView>
在布局文件中设置width和height 就可以了。
RecyclerView 依赖v7包,所以你要在gradle 里面添加依赖
compile com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0
在java中就像listView那样初始化
recyclerView=(RecyclerView)view.findViewById(R.id.recycler);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new GridLayoutManager(getActivity(),3)); //设置布局管理器
recyclerView.setAdapter(new RecyclerViewAdapter());设置适配器
recyclerView=(RecyclerView)view.findViewById(R.id.recycler);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new GridLayoutManager(getActivity(),3)); //设置布局管理器
recyclerView.setAdapter(new RecyclerViewAdapter());设置适配器
到这一步,基本上就可以实现最简单的RecyclerView的使用了。下面是适配器代码:
public class RecyclerViewAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<RecyclerViewAdapter.MyViewHolder>{
@Override
public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType)
{
return new MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(getActivity()).inflate(R.layout.item_recyclerview,parent,false));
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder holder, int position)
{
holder.imageView.setText(""+position);
}
@Override
public int getItemCount()
{
return 32;
}
public class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder
{ TextView imageView;
public MyViewHolder(View itemView)
{
super(itemView);
imageView= (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.id_num);
}
}
}
做这个demo时是因为分割线怎么也画不出来竖线,所以适配器里面都是写死的, 数据可以和ListView一样加载的。这里就凑合看吧,运行效果如图1-1
图1-1 RecyclerView实现GridView效果。
RecyclerView 实现分割线
RecyclerView并没有支持divider属性,我们可以自由定制它
我们可以借助ItemDecoration类定制分割线。
通过recyclerView.addItemDecoration方法添加分割线。该方法的参数就是一个ItemDecoration类,该类是一个抽象类,
ItemDecoration类源码如下:
public static abstract class ItemDecoration {
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
onDraw(c, parent);
}
public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
onDrawOver(c, parent);
}
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
getItemOffsets(outRect, ((LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams()).getViewLayoutPosition(),
parent);
}
@Deprecated
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) {
outRect.set(0, 0, 0, 0);
}
该类有三个方法:
- onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state)
- onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state)
- getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, State state)
这里我们不详细讲解这三个类, 放在后面单独讲。
onDraw
在 onDraw 为 divider 设置绘制范围,并绘制到 canvas 上,而这个绘制范围可以超出在 getItemOffsets 中设置的范围,但由于 decoration 是绘制在 child view 的底下,所以并不可见,但是会存在 overdraw
onDrawOver
onDrawOver 是绘制在最上层的,所以它的绘制位置并不受限制。
getItemOffsets
etItemOffsets 中为 outRect 设置的4个方向的值,将被计算进所有 decoration 的尺寸中,而这个尺寸,被计入了 RecyclerView 每个 item view 的 padding 中
接下来我们看一个RecyclerView.ItemDecoration
的实现类,该类很好的实现了RecyclerView添加分割线
<pre class="prettyprint linenums">public class DividerGridItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration
{
private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[] { android.R.attr.listDivider };
private Drawable mDivider;
public DividerGridItemDecoration(Context context)
{
final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS);
mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);
a.recycle();
}
@Override
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state)
{
drawHorizontal(c, parent);
drawVertical(c, parent);
}
private int getSpanCount(RecyclerView parent)
{
int spanCount = -1;
LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();
if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager)
{
spanCount = ((GridLayoutManager) layoutManager).getSpanCount();
} else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager)
{
spanCount = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager)
.getSpanCount();
}
return spanCount;
}
public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent)
{
int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++)
{
final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
.getLayoutParams();
final int left = child.getLeft() - params.leftMargin;
final int right = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin
+ mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth();
final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(c);
}
}
public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent)
{
final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++)
{
final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
.getLayoutParams();
final int top = child.getTop() - params.topMargin;
final int bottom = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth();
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(c);
}
}
private boolean isLastColum(RecyclerView parent, int pos, int spanCount,
int childCount)
{
LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();
if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager)
{
if ((pos + 1) % spanCount == 0)
{
return true;
}
} else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager)
{
int orientation = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager)
.getOrientation();
if (orientation == StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL)
{
if ((pos + 1) % spanCount == 0)
{
return true;
}
} else
{
childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;
if (pos >= childCount)
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private boolean isLastRaw(RecyclerView parent, int pos, int spanCount,
int childCount)
{
LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();
if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager)
{
childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;
if (pos >= childCount)
return true;
} else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager)
{
int orientation = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager)
.getOrientation();
if (orientation == StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL)
{
childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;
if (pos >= childCount)
return true;
} else
{
if ((pos + 1) % spanCount == 0)
{
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
@Override
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition,
RecyclerView parent)
{
int spanCount = getSpanCount(parent);
int childCount = parent.getAdapter().getItemCount();
if (isLastRaw(parent, itemPosition, spanCount, childCount))
{
outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);
} else if (isLastColum(parent, itemPosition, spanCount, childCount))
{
outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
} else
{
outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(),
mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
}
}
}</pre>
在写好实现类后,
在java中添加下面这句:
recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(this));
这样就可以实现分割线了, 只不过使用的是系统默认的颜色。
我们可以在theme.xml中找到该属性,使用系统的listDivider方便我们随意的改变。
该属性我们可以style中修改:
style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
<!-- Customize your theme here. -->
<item name="android:listDivider">@drawable/divider</item>
</style></pre>
在drawable 中定义一个divider 分割线
shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:shape="rectangle" >
<gradient
android:centerColor="#ff00ff00"
android:endColor="#ff00ff00"
android:startColor="#ff00ff00"
android:type="linear" />
<size android:height="4dp" android:width="2dp"/>
</shape>
注意: 这里一定要设置height和width 缺少任意一个,对应的都画不出来。
好啦,今天就更新到这里, 择日更新其他的功能。
参考文献: Android RecyclerView 使用完全解析 体验艺术般的控件
深入理解 RecyclerView 系列之一:ItemDecoration