JSP介绍及原理分析

一、什么是JSP

Java Server Pages：Java服务器端页面，也和Servlet一样，用于动态web技术。

最大特点：
写JSP就像再写HTML

区别：

1. HTML只给用户提供静态数据；
2. JSP页面中可以嵌入Java代码，为用户提供动态数据。

二、JSP原理

思路：JSP到底怎么执行的？

1. 代码层面没有任何问题(target);
2. 服务器内部工作：
   Tomcat中有一个work目录
   

IDEA中使用Tomcat的会在IDEA的Tomcat中生产一个work目录：C:\Users\Massimo.IntelliJIdea2019.1\system

然后在C:\Users\Massimo.IntelliJIdea2019.1\system\tomcat\Tomcat_9_0_53_javaweb-03-servlet\work\Catalina\localhost\massimo\org\apache\jsp中发现页面转变成了Java程序

其实浏览器向服务器发送请求，不管访问什么资源，其实都是在访问Servlet；

JSP最终也会被转换成一个Java类；

JSP本质上就是一个Servlet；

通过查看index_jsp.java源码发现：

package org.apache.jsp;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;

public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
    implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
                 org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {

  private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
          javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();

  private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;

  static {
    _jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>();
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp");
    _jspx_imports_classes = null;
  }

  private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
  private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;

  public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
    return _jspx_dependants;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_packages;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_classes;
  }

  public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
    if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
          _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
        }
      }
    }
    return _el_expressionfactory;
  }

  public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
    if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
          _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
        }
      }
    }
    return _jsp_instancemanager;
  }

//初始化
  public void _jspInit() {
  }

//销毁
  public void _jspDestroy() {
  }

//JSPService
  public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
      throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {

    if (!javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
      final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
      if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) {
        response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
        return;
      }
      if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) {
        response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
        response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允许 GET、POST 或 HEAD。Jasper 还允许 OPTIONS");
        return;
      }
    }

    final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
    javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
    final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
    final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
    final java.lang.Object page = this;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
    javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;


    try {
      response.setContentType("text/html");
      pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
      			null, true, 8192, true);
      _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
      application = pageContext.getServletContext();
      config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
      session = pageContext.getSession();
      out = pageContext.getOut();
      _jspx_out = out;

      out.write("<html>\n");
      out.write("<body>\n");
      out.write("<h2>Hello World!</h2>\n");
      out.write("</body>\n");
      out.write("</html>\n");
    } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
      if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
        out = _jspx_out;
        if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
          try {
            if (response.isCommitted()) {
              out.flush();
            } else {
              out.clearBuffer();
            }
          } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
        if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
        else throw new ServletException(t);
      }
    } finally {
      _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
    }
  }
}

在HttpJspBase类中，可以发现该类继承了HttpServlet

public abstract class HttpJspBase extends HttpServlet implements HttpJspPage

注意：IDEA中可能没有HttpJspBase的jar包，我们需要在IDEA中导入外部Tomcat中lib目录下的jar包

在index_jsp.java源码中，我们还可以发现：

1. 判断请求；
2. 内置类一些对象：

    final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext; //页面上下文
    javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;  //session
    final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;  //applicationContext
    final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;  //config
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;  //out
    final java.lang.Object page = this;  //page:当前
	HttpServletRequest request			//请求
	HttpServletResponse response		//响应  

3. 输出页面前增加的代码：

response.setContentType("text/html");  //设置响应的页面类型
      pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
      			null, true, 8192, true);
      _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
      application = pageContext.getServletContext();
      config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
      session = pageContext.getSession();
      out = pageContext.getOut();
      _jspx_out = out;

4. 以上的这些个对象我们可以在JSP页面中直接使用。

总结：在JSP页面中，只要是Java代码就会原封不动的输出；

如果是HTML代码，就会被转换成:out.writer(“\r\n”)这样的格式输出到前端。