一.代码无错就是好?
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("请输入数字A:");
string A = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请选择运算符号(+、-、*、/):");
string B = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请输入数字B:");
string C = Console.ReadLine();
string D = "";
if (B == "+")
D = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(A) + Convert.ToDouble(C));
if (B == "-")
D = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(A) - Convert.ToDouble(C));
if (B == "*")
D = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(A) * Convert.ToDouble(C));
if (B == "/")
D = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(A) / Convert.ToDouble(C));
Console.WriteLine("结果是:" + D);
}
}
存在问题:
(1)变量命名,ABCD,变量不带有任何具体含义,非常不规范的;
(2)判断分支,每个条件都要做判断,等于计算机做了三次无用功;
(3)数据输入有效性判断等,如果用户输入的是字符符号而不是数字怎么办?如果除数时,客户输入了0怎么办?
二.代码规范、重构
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args) {
try{
Console.Write("请输入数字A:");
string strNumberA = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请选择运算符号(+、-、*、/):");
string strOperate = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请输入数字B:");
string strNumberB = Console.ReadLine();
string strResult = "";
switch (strOperate)
{
case "+":
strResult = Convert.ToString
(Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA) + Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB));
break;
case "-":
strResult = Convert.ToString
(Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA) - Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB));
break;
case "*":
strResult = Convert.ToString
(Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA) * Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB));
break;
case "/":
if (strNumberB != "0")
strResult = Convert.ToString
(Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA)/Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB));
else
strResult = "除数不能为0";
break;
}
Console.WriteLine("结果是:" + strResult);
Console.ReadLine();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("您的输入有错:" + ex.Message);
}
}
}
要用面向对象的编程方法去实现
比如这个程序,先要求输入两个数和运算符号,然后根据运算符号判断选择如何运算,得到结果,
这样的思维却使得我们的程序只为满足实现当前的需求,程序不容易维护,不容易扩展,更不容易复用。从而达不到高质量代码的要求。
如果要求再写一个windows的计算器,现在的代码就能复用吗?
代码复制过去不就行了吗?---->改动又不大,不算麻烦。
这其实是非常不好的编码习惯,因为当你的代码中重复的代码多到一定程度,维护的时候,可能就是一场灾难。
越大的系统,这种方式带来的问题越严重,编程有一原则,就是用尽可能的办法去避免重复。
这段代码,将控制台有关的和计算器有关的分开会则么样。
三.业务的封装
客户端代码
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
Console.Write("请输入数字A:");
string strNumberA = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请选择运算符号(+、-、*、/):");
string strOperate = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请输入数字B:");
string strNumberB = Console.ReadLine();
string strResult = "";
strResult = Convert.ToString(Operation.GetResult(Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA), Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB), strOperate));
Console.WriteLine("结果是:" + strResult);
Console.ReadLine();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("您的输入有错:" + ex.Message);
}
}
}
Operation类
class Operation
{
public static double GetResult(double numberA, double numbleB, string operate)
{
double result = 0;
switch (operate)
{
case "+":
result = numberA + numbleB;
break;
case "-":
result = numberA - numbleB;
break;
case "*":
result = numberA * numbleB;
break;
case "/":
result = numberA / numbleB;
break;
}
return result;
}
}
修改后:不单是Windows程序,Web版程序需要运算可以用它,PDA,手机等需要移动系统的软件需要运算也可以用它
但是只用了封装,继承和多态未体现。
四.简单工厂模式
客户端代码
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
Console.Write("请输入数字A:");
string strNumberA = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请选择运算符号(+、-、*、/):");
string strOperate = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请输入数字B:");
string strNumberB = Console.ReadLine();
Operation oper;
oper = OperationFactory.createOperate(strOperate);
oper.NumberA = Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA);
oper.NumberB = Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB);
double result = oper.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine("结果是:" + result);
Console.ReadLine();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("您的输入有错:" + ex.Message);
}
}
简单运算工厂类
class OperationFactory
{
public static Operation createOperate(string operate)
{
Operation oper = null;
switch (operate)
{
case"+":
oper = new OperationAdd();
break;
case"-":
oper = new OperationSub();
break;
case"*":
oper = new OperationMul();
break;
case "/":
oper = new OperationDiv();
break;
}
return oper;
}
}
Operation 运算类
class Operation
{
private double _numberA = 0;
private double _numberB = 0;
public double NumberA
{
get { return _numberA; }
set { _numberA = value; }
}
public double NumberB
{
get { return _numberB; }
set { _numberB = value; }
}
public virtual double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
return result;
}
}
加减乘除类
class OperationDiv : Operation
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
if (NumberB == 0)
throw new Exception("除数不能为0.");
result = NumberA / NumberB;
return result;
}
}
优点:
1.若要修改加法 只需要改 OperationAdd
2.若要增加各种复杂的运算 只要增加相应的运算子类+运算工厂中的 Switch分支
3.若要改界面 则不需要修改运算