canvas是HTML5的特性,是定义在浏览器上的画布。前端好多精美的网页都会用到canvas这一特性。
慕课网上有很多canvas的教程,我学了一个比较基础但是效果非常引人入胜的教程,就是用canvas动画实现倒计时效果。
用canvas进行基础的绘画:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>canvas</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" style="border: 1px solid #aaa;display: block;margin: 50px auto;"></canvas>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function() {
//context指定绘图的上下文环境
var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
//指定canvas的大小,也可以在canvas标签内指定width="1024" height="768"
//canvas默认画布大小是300*150
canvas.width = 1024;
canvas.height = 768;
//moveTo绘制的起点
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(100,100);
context.lineTo(700,700);
context.lineTo(100,700);
context.lineTo(100,100);
context.closePath();
// 线条的粗细
context.lineWidth = 5;
// 线条的颜色
context.strokeStyle = "red";
// 画一条直线
context.stroke();
//填充的颜色,绘制实心的图形
context.fillStyle = "rgb(2,100,30)";
context.fill();
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(200,100);
context.lineTo(800,700);
context.closePath();
context.strokeStyle = "black";
context.stroke();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
上面图片的是用canvas画最基础的直线和块的效果。
context.stroke()绘制一条直线
context.fill()绘制一个填充的图形
context.beginPath();是一段绘图的开始
context.closePath();是一段绘图的结束
比如上面的图片我画了一条直线和一个三角形,每画一个独立的图形时都要有一个context.beginPath()和context.closePath();
只要会画直线和简单的填充,我们就可以绘制一个七巧板了
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>七巧板</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" style="display: block;margin: 50px auto;">
当前浏览器不支持canvas,请更换浏览器后再试
</canvas>
<script type="text/javascript">
var tangram = [
{p:[{x:0,y:0},{x:400,y:0},{x:200,y:200}],color:"#caff67"},
{p:[{x:0,y:0},{x:200,y:200},{x:0,y:400}],color:"#67bccf"},
{p:[{x:400,y:0},{x:400,y:200},{x:300,y:300},{x:300,y:100}],color:"#ef3d61"},
{p:[{x:300,y:100},{x:300,y:300},{x:200,y:200}],color:"#f9f51a"},
{p:[{x:200,y:200},{x:300,y:300},{x:200,y:400},{x:100,y:300}],color:"#a504c0"},
{p:[{x:100,y:300},{x:200,y:400},{x:0,y:400}],color:"#fa8ece"},
{p:[{x:400,y:200},{x:400,y:400},{x:200,y:400}],color:"#f6ca29"},
];
window.onload = function() {
var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
canvas.width = 400;
canvas.height= 400;
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
for (var i = 0; i < tangram.length; i++) {
draw(tangram[i],context);
}
}
function draw(piece,cxt) {
cxt.beginPath();
cxt.moveTo(piece.p[0].x,piece.p[0].y);
for (var i = 0; i < piece.p.length; i++) {
cxt.lineTo(piece.p[i].x,piece.p[i].y);
}
cxt.closePath();
cxt.fillStyle = piece.color;
cxt.fill();
cxt.strokeStyle = "black";
cxt.lineWidth = 3;
cxt.stroke();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
效果如图:
画完这个是不是觉得canvas还挺好玩的,而且只是用直线和简单的图形组成的。
接下来就是用canvas画圆圆。。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>circle_more</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; display: block;margin: 50px auto;">
当前浏览器不支持canvas,请更换浏览器后再试
</canvas>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function() {
var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
canvas.width = 400;
canvas.height= 400;
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
context.lineWidth = 5;
context.strokeStyle = "#005588";
//参数分别是圆心坐标x,y,园的半径,起始弧度,结束弧度,绘制方向(默认false顺时针)
context.arc(200,200,100,0,1.5*Math.PI);
context.stroke();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
效果如图:
这是一个顺时针的圆弧,context.arc()函数的参数依次是圆心坐标x,y,园的半径,起始弧度,结束弧度,绘制方向(默认false顺时针,省略不写就是false)
我们还可以画很多弧度不一样的圆弧,只要用一个for循环就可以了:
for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
context.beginPath();
context.arc(20+i*40,40,10,0,2*Math.PI*(i+1)/10,true);
context.closePath();
context.stroke();
}
。。。