本文解析了《Matrix Methods in Data Analysis, Signal Processing, and Machine Learning》课程中关于列空间、线性方程组、矩阵秩和CR分解的问题。通过实例展示了向量组合、特定矩阵零向量解、矩阵秩与维度的关系，并提供了矩阵CR因子的计算方法。
《Matrix Methods in Data Analysis, Signal Processing, and Machine Learning》MIT Course Number：18.065课程习题答案
LEC1. The Column Space of A Contains All Vectors Ax
Problems of Lecture 1 (from textbook Section I.1)
1 Give an example where a combination of three nonzero vectors in R^4 is the zero vector. Then write your example in the form Ax = 0. What are the shapes of A and x and 0?
4 Suppose A is the 3 by 3 matrix ones (3, 3) of all ones. Find two independent vectors x and y that solve Ax = 0 and Ay = 0. Write that first equation Ax = 0 (with numbers) as a combination of the columns of A. Why don’t I ask for a third independent vector with Az = 0?
9 Suppose the column space of an m by n matrix is all of
R
3
R^3
R3. What can you say about m? What can you say about n? What can you say about the rank r?
18 If A = CR, what are the CR factors of the matrix ?
[
0
A
0
A
]
\left[\begin{matrix}0&A\\0&A\\\end{matrix}\right]
[00AA]
Solutions to Lecture 1
1 A combination of u, v, and u + v (vectors in
R
4
R^4
R4) produces
u
+
v
−
(
u
+
v
)
=
0
u + v−( u + v) = 0
u+v−(u+v)=0
[
u
v
u
+
v
]
[
1
1
−
1
]
=
0
\left[\begin{matrix}\mathbf{u}&\mathbf{v}&\mathbf{u}+\mathbf{v}\\\end{matrix}\right]\left[\begin{matrix}1\\1\\-1\\\end{matrix}\right]=\mathbf{0}
[uvu+v]⎣⎡11−1⎦⎤=0
A
x
=
0
Ax = 0
Ax=0
4
[
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
[
1
1
−
2
]
=
[
0
0
0
]
[
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
[
1
−
1
0
]
=
[
0
0
0
]
\left[\begin{matrix}1&1&1\\1&1&1\\1&1&1\\\end{matrix}\right]\left[\begin{matrix}1\\1\\-2\\\end{matrix}\right]=\left[\begin{matrix}0\\0\\0\\\end{matrix}\right] \qquad\left[\begin{matrix}1&1&1\\1&1&1\\1&1&1\\\end{matrix}\right]\left[\begin{matrix}1\\-1\\0\\\end{matrix}\right]=\left[\begin{matrix}0\\0\\0\\\end{matrix}\right]
⎣⎡111111111⎦⎤⎣⎡11−2⎦⎤=⎣⎡000⎦⎤⎣⎡111111111⎦⎤⎣⎡1−10⎦⎤=⎣⎡000⎦⎤
These vectors x= (1, 1, -2) and y= (1, -1, 0) are independent. But there is no 3rd vector z with Az=0 and independent x, y, z. (If there were, then combinations of x, y, z would say that every vector w solves Aw=0, which is not true.)
9 If C(A)=
R
3
R^3
R3 then m=3 and n>=3 and r=3.
18
[
0
A
0
A
]
=
[
C
C
]
[
0
R
]
\left[\begin{matrix}0&A\\0&A\\\end{matrix}\right]=\left[\begin{matrix}C\\C\\\end{matrix}\right]\left[\begin{matrix}0&R\\\end{matrix}\right]
[00AA]=[CC][0R]
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