实验目的
通过编程和上机实验,掌握实用软件绘图的基本步骤,掌握常见的绘图函数,正确地依据参数绘制常见的数据统计图形,熟悉特殊图形的绘制和图形的修饰。
实验内容
(本节绘图区间均为I=[自己学号-15自己学号+15])
1.一幅图内同时绘制sin、cos、tan函数曲线图,区间长度为I,三条曲线线型、颜色各不相同。
源代码:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
def main():
X = np.linspace(195839,195869,300,endpoint=True)#195839 到 195869的300个值
C = np.cos(X)
S = np.sin(X)
T = np.tan(X)
plt.plot(X,C)
plt.plot(X,S)
plt.plot(X,T)
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
结果截图:
2.绘制三维图形 x = sint-t*cost, y = cost-t*sint, z = t, t区间为I,图形x、y、z轴均加网格线,z轴取对数分布。
源代码:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
from pylab import *
def main():
mpl.rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = 10
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection='3d')
t = np.linspace(195839,195869,300,endpoint=True)
x = np.sin(t)-t*np.cos(t)
y = np.cos(t)-t*np.sin(t)
z = t
ax.plot(x,y,z)
ax.set_zscale('log')
plt.grid() #显示网格
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
结果截图:
3.随机生成一组有效的50人班级的成绩,并绘制合理的统计直方图。
提示:1、成绩为整数;2、直方图需选择合适区间。
源代码:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def main():
c = np.random.randint(40,101,50) #随机生成50个学生的成绩,区间在40-100
plt.hist(c, bins=6, histtype='bar') #间隔为10,共6个区间,标准直方图
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
结果截图:
4.统计自己十月份的各项支出,并利用软件绘制自己的支出饼状图,采用
3种以上方式展示。
源代码:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def main():
labels = ['餐饮美食', '日用百货', '服饰装扮', '交通出行', '充值缴费']
sizes = [58, 16, 10, 6, 10] #五类的占比
explode1 = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
explode2 = (0.05, 0, 0, 0, 0)
explode3 = (0, 0.05, 0, 0, 0)
explode4 = (0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12)
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文
plt.pie(sizes, explode=explode1, labels=labels, labeldistance=1.1, shadow= False, autopct='%2.0f%%', startangle=90, pctdistance=0.6)
plt.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(-0.3, 1)) #图例
plt.show()
plt.pie(sizes, explode=explode2, labels=labels, labeldistance=1.1, shadow= False, autopct='%2.0f%%', startangle=90, pctdistance=0.6)
plt.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(-0.3, 1)) #图例
plt.show()
plt.pie(sizes, explode=explode3, labels=labels, labeldistance=1.1, shadow= False, autopct='%2.0f%%', startangle=90, pctdistance=0.6)
plt.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(-0.3, 1)) #图例
plt.show()
plt.pie(sizes, explode=explode4, labels=labels, labeldistance=1.1, shadow= False, autopct='%2.0f%%', startangle=90, pctdistance=0.6)
plt.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(-0.3, 1)) #图例
plt.show()
plt.pie(sizes, explode=explode4, labels=labels, labeldistance=1.1, shadow= True, autopct='%2.0f%%', startangle=90, pctdistance=0.6)
plt.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(-0.3, 1)) #图例
plt.show()
# labeldistance,文本的位置离远点有多远,1.1指1.1倍半径的位置
# shadow,饼状图的阴影
# autopct,圆里面的文本格式,%2.0f%%表示小数有零位,整数有两位的浮点数
# startangle,起始角度,0,表示从0开始逆时针转,为第一块
# pctdistance,百分比的text离圆心的距离
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
结果截图:
5.绘制散点图x = sint-t*cost, y = cost-t*sint,, t区间为I。
源代码:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def main():
t = range(195839,195869,1)
x = np.sin(t)-t*np.cos(t)
y = np.cos(t)-t*np.sin(t)
area = np.pi * 4**2 #点的面积
plt.scatter(x, y, s=area, alpha=0.4, label='x-y')
# s为点的面积
# alpha为点的不透明度
plt.legend()
plt.show()
plt.scatter(x, t, s=area, alpha=0.4, label='x-t')
plt.scatter(y, t, s=area, alpha=0.4, label='y-t')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
结果截图:
6.绘制曲线图、阶梯图x = sint-t*cost, y = cost-t*sint,, t区间为I。
源代码:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def main():
t = np.linspace(195839,195869,300)
x = np.sin(t)-t*np.cos(t)
y = np.cos(t)-t*np.sin(t)
plt.plot(t, x, label='x-t')
plt.plot(t, y, label='y-t')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
t = np.linspace(195839,195869,30)
x = np.sin(t)-t*np.cos(t)
y = np.cos(t)-t*np.sin(t)
plt.step(t, x, label='x-t')
plt.step(t, y, label='y-t')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
结果截图:
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