爬虫三（Bs4搜索、Selenium基本使用、无界面浏览器、Selenium自动登录百度案例、自动获取12306登录验证码案例、切换选项卡、浏览器前进后退、登录Cnblogs获取Cookie自动点赞）

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 13:19:50 发布

LoisMay

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 13:19:50 发布

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分类专栏：爬虫文章标签：爬虫 selenium python bs4

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/MeiJin_/article/details/128044668

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文章标题

一、Bs4搜索文档树
二、CSS选择器
三、selenium基本使用
四、无界面浏览器
五、selenium其他使用
六、selenium登录Cnblogs获取Cookie
七、抽屉网半自动点赞

一、Bs4搜索文档树

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p id="my p" class="title">asdfasdf<b id="bbb" class="boldest">The Dormouse's story</b>
</p>

<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>

<p class="story">...</p>
"""

soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'lxml')

字符串

res = soup.find(name='a', id='link2')
res1 = soup.find(href='http://example.com/tillie')
res2 = soup.find(class_='story')
res3 = soup.body.find('p')
res4 = soup.body.find(string='Elsie')
res5 = soup.find(attrs={'class': 'sister'})
print(res, res1, res2, res3, res4, res5)

正则表达式

res = soup.find_all(name=re.compile('^b'))
res1 = soup.find_all(href=re.compile('^http'))
for item in res1:
    url = item.attrs.get('href')
    print(url)
res2 = soup.find(attrs={'href': re.compile('^a')})
print(res2)

列表

res = soup.find_all(class_=['story', 'sister'])
res1 = soup.find_all(name=['a', 'p'])
print(res)

布尔

res = soup.find_all(name=True)
print(res)

方法

def has_class_but_no_id(tag):
    return tag.has_attr('class') and not tag.has_attr('id')

print(soup.find_all(has_class_but_no_id))

二、CSS选择器

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p id="my p" class="title">asdfasdf<b id="bbb" class="boldest">The Dormouse's story</b>
</p>

<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>

<p class="story">...</p>
"""

soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'lxml')

res = soup.select('a')
res1 = soup.select('#link1')
res2 = soup.select('.sister')
res3 = soup.select('body>p>a')
res4 = soup.select('body>p>a:nth-child(2)')
res5 = soup.select('body>p>a:nth-last-child(1)')
res6 = soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/tillie"]')
print(res6)

三、selenium基本使用

Selenium最初是一个自动化测试工具,而爬虫中使用它主要是为了解决Requests无法直接执行JavaScript代码的问题
Selenium本质是通过驱动浏览器，完全模拟浏览器的操作，比如跳转、输入、点击、下拉等，来拿到网页渲染之后的结果，可支持多种浏览器。

安装selenium

pip3 install selenium

下载浏览器驱动根据自己浏览器的版本进行下载

https://registry.npmmirror.com/binary.html?path=chromedriver/

模拟使用

from selenium import webdriver
import time

bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')	# 使用插件
bro.get('http://www.baidu.com')		# 目标地址

time.sleep(3)			# 睡眠三秒
bro.close()				# 关闭
bro.quit()

请添加图片描述

四、无界面浏览器

做爬虫，不希望有一个浏览器打开，谷歌支持无头浏览器，后台运行，没有浏览器的图形化（GUI）界面

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()		# 打开一个浏览器
chrome_options.add_argument('window-size=1920x3000')    # 指定分辨率
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')    # 谷歌文档提到需要加上这个属性来规避bug
chrome_options.add_argument('blink-settings=imagesEnabled=false')   # 不加载图片, 提升速度
chrome_options.add_argument('--headers')        # 浏览器不提供可视化页面. linux下如果系统不支持可视化不加这条会启动失败
# chrome_options.binary_location = r"user/macbookpro/......"  # 手动指定使用的浏览器位置
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver', options=chrome_options)

bro.get('https://www.jd.com/')		# 目标网址
print(bro.page_source)      # 浏览器中看到的页面内容

time.sleep(3)

bro.close()		# 关闭tab页
bro.quit()		# 关闭浏览器

请添加图片描述

五、selenium其他使用

1）自动登录百度案例

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')

bro.get('http://www.baidu.com')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)     # 等待页面加载标签
bro.maximize_window()       # 全屏
a = bro.find_element(by=By.LINK_TEXT, value='登录')   # 找到登录按钮
a.click()

input_name = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='TANGRAM__PSP_11__userName')
input_name.send_keys('xxxxxxx')		# 账号

time.sleep(1)

input_password = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='TANGRAM__PSP_11__password')
input_password.send_keys('xxxxxx')		# 密码
time.sleep(1)	

input_submit = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='TANGRAM__PSP_11__submit')

input_submit.click()		# 点击登录
time.sleep(3)
bro.close()

2）获取位置属性大小、文本

bro.find_element(by=By.ID,value='id号')
bro.find_element(by=By.LINK_TEXT,value='a标签文本内容')
bro.find_element(by=By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT,value='a标签文本内容模糊匹配')
bro.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME,value='类名')
bro.find_element(by=By.TAG_NAME,value='标签名')
bro.find_element(by=By.NAME,value='属性name')
# -----所有语言通用的----
bro.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR,value='css选择器')
bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='xpath选择器')

# 获取标签位置，大小
print(code.location)
print(code.size)
-------
print(code.tag_name)
print(code.id)

3）自动获取12306登录验证码案例

bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
bro.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
a = bro.find_element(by=By.LINK_TEXT, value='扫码登录')
a.click()

code = bro.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='#J-qrImg')
s = code.get_attribute('src')
with open('code.png', 'wb') as f:
    res = base64.b64decode(s.split(',')[-1])
    f.write(res)

time.sleep(3)
bro.close()

4）等待元素被加载

# 代码执行很快，有些标签还没加载出来，直接取，取不到 隐士等待
bro.implicitly_wait(10)	 # 10秒

5）元素操作

点击
	标签.click()
input输入文字
	标签.send_keys('文字')
input清空文字
	标签.clear()
模拟键盘操作
	from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
	input_search.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

6）执行Js代码

bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
bro.get('https://www.jd.com')
bro.execute_script('alert("document.cookie")')      # 弹窗提示 cookie
bro.execute_script('scrollTo(0, 600)')    # 下拉600px

for i in range(10):       # 循环下拉400px
    y = 400*(i+1)
    bro.execute_script('scrollTo(0, %s)' % y)
    time.sleep(1)

bro.execute_script('scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)')   # 移动到网页底部
time.sleep(3)
bro.close()

7）切换选项卡

bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
bro.get('https://www.jd.com')		# 目标地址京东

bro.execute_script('window.open()')
bro.switch_to.window(bro.window_handles[1])     # 新建一个打开淘宝
bro.get('http://www.taobao.com')
time.sleep(2)
bro.switch_to.window(bro.window_handles[0])     # 切换为京东

time.sleep(3)
bro.close()
bro.quit()

8）浏览器前进后退

bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
bro.get('https://www.jd.com/')

time.sleep(2)
bro.get('https://www.taobao.com/')

time.sleep(2)
bro.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

bro.back()          # 后退
time.sleep(1)
bro.forward()       # 前进
time.sleep(3)
bro.close()

9）异常处理

bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
bro.get('https://www.jd.com/')

try:
    time.sleep(2)
    bro.get('https://www.taobao.com/')

    time.sleep(2)
    bro.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

    bro.back()          # 后退
    time.sleep(1)
    bro.forward()       # 前进
    time.sleep(3)
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
    bro.close()

六、selenium登录Cnblogs获取Cookie

bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
bro.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)
try:
    submit_btn = bro.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, value='登录')     # 首页点击登录
    submit_btn.click()
    time.sleep(1)
    username = bro.find_element(By.ID, value='mat-input-0')     # 获取用户名输入框
    password = bro.find_element(By.ID, value='mat-input-1')     # 获取密码输入框
    username.send_keys('1711031006@qq.com')                     # 输入账号
    password.send_keys('1231')                                  # 输入密码

    submit = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='body > app-root > app-sign-in-layout > div > div > app-sign-in > app-content-container > div > div > div > form > div > button')
    time.sleep(20)                                              # 获取登录按钮    获取css样式 右键copy selector
    submit.click()                                              # 点击登录按钮
    input()                                                     # 控制台输入空格 输出cookies
    cookie = bro.get_cookies()
    print(cookie)
    with open('cnblogs.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8')as f:       # 保存到本地
        json.dump(cookie, f)
    time.sleep(5)
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    bro.close()

七、抽屉网半自动点赞

bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver.exe')

bro.get('https://dig.chouti.com/')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)
try:
    submit = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='login_btn')
    bro.execute_script("arguments[0].click()", submit)
    # submit.click() # 有的页面button能找到，但是点击不了，报错，可以使用js点击它
    time.sleep(2)
    username = bro.find_element(by=By.NAME, value='phone')
    username.send_keys('1711031006@qq.com')
    password = bro.find_element(by=By.NAME, value='password')
    password.send_keys('xxxxxx')
    time.sleep(3)
    submit_button = bro.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,
                                     'body > div.login-dialog.dialog.animated2.scaleIn > div > div.login-footer > div:nth-child(4) > button')
    submit_button.click()

    # 验证码
    input()
    cookie = bro.get_cookies()
    print(cookie)
    with open('chouti.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(cookie, f)

    # 找出所有文章的id号
    div_list = bro.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'link-item')
    l = []
    for div in div_list:
        article_id = div.get_attribute('data-id')
        l.append(article_id)



except Exception as e:
    print(e)

finally:
    bro.close()

#  继续往下写，selenium完成它的任务了，登录---》拿到cookie，使用requests发送[点赞]

print(l)

with open('chouti.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8')as f:
    cookie = json.load(f)
# 小细节，selenium的cookie不能直接给request用，需要有些处理
request_cookies = {}
for item in cookie:
    request_cookies[item['name']] = item['value']
print(request_cookies)
header = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}
for i in l:
    data = {
        'linkId': i
    }
    res = requests.post('https://dig.chouti.com/link/vote', data=data, headers=header, cookies=request_cookies)
    print(res.text)

LoisMay

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爬虫三（Bs4搜索、Selenium基本使用、无界面浏览器、Selenium自动登录百度案例、自动获取12306登录验证码案例、切换选项卡、浏览器前进后退、登录Cnblogs获取Cookie自动点赞）

爬虫三（Bs4搜索、Selenium基本使用、无界面浏览器、Selenium自动登录百度案例、自动获取12306登录验证码案例、切换选项卡、浏览器前进后退、登录Cnblogs获取Cookie、抽屉网自动点赞）
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