linux 设备简介

计算机的组成：
主板、CPU、内存、硬盘
输入设备：键盘、鼠标
输出设备：显示器、音响

主板上的芯片组与各个硬件进行沟通。北桥将CPU、VGA、RAM连接，所需要的传输运算速度较高。称为系统总线。通常在CPU和北桥上面有个风扇或者散热装置。 北桥与南桥相连，南桥相对于北桥而言，所需要的传输速度没有那么高。南桥连接着PCI设备（比如网卡、声卡、USB设备）、硬盘设备。也称为I/O总线。

查看服务器品牌

[root@centos7 ~]# dmidecode |more 
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
	Manufacturer: VMware, Inc.【生产商为VMware】
	Product Name: VMware Virtual Platform
	Version: None
	Serial Number: VMware-56 4d da 2d 8a a4 43 f5-a4 64 59 18 f4 32 63 b7 【服务器序列号】
	UUID: 564dda2d-8aa4-43f5-a464-5918f43263b7
	Wake-up Type: Power Switch
	SKU Number: Not Specified
	Family: Not Specified

查看主板信息

[root@centos7 ~]# dmidecode -t baseboard
# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.4 present.

Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes
Base Board Information
	Manufacturer: Intel Corporation
	Product Name: 440BX Desktop Reference Platform
	Version: None
	Serial Number: None
	Asset Tag: Not Specified
	Features: None
	Location In Chassis: Not Specified
	Chassis Handle: 0x0000
	Type: Unknown
	Contained Object Handles: 0

Handle 0x00DF, DMI type 10, 8 bytes
On Board Device 1 Information
	Type: Video
	Status: Disabled
	Description: VMware SVGA II
On Board Device 2 Information
	Type: Sound
	Status: Disabled
	Description: ES1371

[root@centos7 ~]# 

[root@centos7 ~]# dmidecode|more
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD【技嘉凤凰主板】
        Version: 6.00
        Release Date: 07/31/2013
        Address: 0xEA050
        Runtime Size: 90032 bytes
        ROM Size: 64 kB 【只读内存的大小】
        Characteristics:【主板特性】
                ISA is supported
                PCI is supported
                PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
                PNP is supported
                APM is supported
                BIOS is upgradeable
                BIOS shadowing is allowed
                ESCD support is available
                Boot from CD is supported
                Selectable boot is supported
                EDD is supported
                Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
                8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
                Serial services are supported (int 14h)
                Printer services are supported (int 17h)
                CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
                ACPI is supported
                Smart battery is supported
                BIOS boot specification is supported
                Function key-initiated network boot is supported
                Targeted content distribution is supported
        BIOS Revision: 4.6
        Firmware Revision: 0.0

查看cpu信息

[root@centos7 ~]# lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64 【CPU架构】
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian 【字节序】
CPU(s):                1 【cpu数量】
On-line CPU(s) list:   0
Thread(s) per core:    1
Core(s) per socket:    1 【每颗物理cpu有几个核心】
Socket(s):             1【物理cpu的数量】
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel 【CPU生产厂商】
CPU family:            6
Model:                 58
Model name:            Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU 1005M @ 1.90GHz
Stepping:              9
CPU MHz:               1895.750 【CPU总频率】
BogoMIPS:              3791.50
Hypervisor vendor:     VMware
Virtualization type:   full
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K 【cpu的2级缓存】
L3 cache:              2048K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt xsave hypervisor lahf_lm epb fsgsbase smep xsaveopt dtherm arat pln pts
[root@centos7 ~]# 
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor	: 0
vendor_id	: GenuineIntel
cpu family	: 6
model		: 58
model name	: Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU 1005M @ 1.90GHz
stepping	: 9
microcode	: 0x15
cpu MHz		: 1895.750
cache size	: 2048 KB
physical id	: 0
siblings	: 1
core id		: 0
cpu cores	: 1
apicid		: 0
initial apicid	: 0
fpu		: yes
fpu_exception	: yes
cpuid level	: 13
wp		: yes
flags		: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt xsave hypervisor lahf_lm epb fsgsbase smep xsaveopt dtherm arat pln pts
bogomips	: 3791.50
clflush size	: 64
cache_alignment	: 64
address sizes	: 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
[root@centos7 ~]# 

查看cpu型号
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c8
      1  Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU 1005M @ 1.90GHz
[root@centos7 ~]# 

查看内存设备信息

Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.4 present.

Handle 0x0044, DMI type 5, 46 bytes
Memory Controller Information
        Error Detecting Method: None
        Error Correcting Capabilities:
                None
        Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave【单路使用】
        Current Interleave: One-way Interleave
        Maximum Memory Module Size: 32768 MB 【单根内存条最大支持32g】
        Maximum Total Memory Size: 491520 MB 【总共支持491G内存】
        Supported Speeds:
                70 ns
                60 ns
        Supported Memory Types:
                FPM
                EDO
                DIMM
                SDRAM
        Memory Module Voltage: 3.3 V
        Associated Memory Slots: 15 【虚拟机上支持内存插槽15条】
                0x0045
                0x0046
                0x0047
                0x0048
                0x0049
                0x004A
                0x004B
                0x004C
                0x004D
                0x004E
                0x004F
                0x0050
                0x0051
                0x0052
                0x0053
        Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities:
                None

Handle 0x0045, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
        Socket Designation: RAM socket #0【内存插槽1】
        Bank Connections: None
        Current Speed: Unknown
        Type: EDO DIMM
        Installed Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection)【1g的内存条1根】
        Enabled Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection)
        Error Status: OK

Handle 0x0046, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
        Socket Designation: RAM socket #1
        Bank Connections: None
        Current Speed: Unknown
        Type: DIMM
        Installed Size: Not Installed 【内存插槽空闲】
        Enabled Size: Not Installed
        Error Status: OK

Handle 0x00E3, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
	Array Handle: 0x00E2
	Error Information Handle: No Error
	Total Width: 32 bits
	Data Width: 32 bits
	Size: 1024 MB
	Form Factor: DIMM
	Set: None
	Locator: RAM slot #0【内存插的位置】
	Bank Locator: RAM slot #0
	Type: DRAM
	Type Detail: EDO
	Speed: Unknown
	Manufacturer: Not Specified 【厂商】
	Serial Number: Not Specified 【序列号】
	Asset Tag: Not Specified
	Part Number: Not Specified

查看所有的PCI设备

[root@centos7 ~]# lspci -vmm
Slot:	00:00.0
Class:	Host bridge
Vendor:	Intel Corporation
Device:	440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX Host bridge
SVendor:	VMware
SDevice:	Virtual Machine Chipset
Rev:	01

Slot:	00:01.0
Class:	PCI bridge
Vendor:	Intel Corporation
Device:	440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX AGP bridge
Rev:	01

解释：PCI是外围互联设备的简称。