设计模式之单例设计模式

最近在读《Head First 设计模式》，觉得这本书很不错。在此给出单例设计模式的各种形式，示例如下：

示例一：

public class Singleton {
	private static Singleton instance;
	private Singleton(){}
	public static Singleton getInstance(){
		if(instance == null){
			instance = new Singleton();
		}
		return instance;
	} 
}

上述示例在多线程下会出现问题，会有两个甚至多个实例出现。改进如下：

示例二：

public class Singleton {
	private static Singleton instance;
	private Singleton(){}
	public static synchronized Singleton getInstance(){
		if(instance == null){
			instance = new Singleton();
		}
		return instance;
	} 
}

上述示例在性能方面会有所损失。

示例三：[双重检查锁定]

public class Singleton {
        private volatile static Singleton instance;
	private Singleton(){}
	public static Singleton getInstance(){
		if(instance == null){
			synchronized(Singleton.class){
				if(instance == null){
					instance = new Singleton(); 
				}
			}
		}
		return instance;
	} 
}

示例四：

public class Singleton {
        private static Singleton instance;
	private Singleton(){}
	public static Singleton getInstance(){
		if(instance == null){
			synchronized(Singleton.class){
				Singleton temp = instance;
				if(temp == null){
					synchronized(Singleton.class){
					   temp = new Singleton(); //out-of-order-writes...
					}
				    instance = temp;
				}
			}
		}
		return instance;
	} 
}

示例五：

public class Singleton {
        private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
	private Singleton(){}
	public static Singleton getInstance(){
		return instance;
	}
}

若想要实现在第一次调用时才实例化对象，采用如下示例：

示例六：

public class Singleton {
	private static class SingletonHolder{
		private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
	}
	private Singleton(){}
	public static Singleton getInstance(){
		return SingletonHolder.instance;
	}
}

参考资料：

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-dcl.html

http://blog.csdn.net/liushuijinger/article/details/9069801