第四章 STL函数对象

4.1函数对象

4.1.1函数对象概念

4.1.2函数对象使用

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>

//1、函数对象在使用时，可以像普通函数那样调用，可以有参数，可以有返回值
class Myadd 
{
public:
	int operator()(int v1,int v2) 
	{
		return v1 + v2;
	}
};

void test01() 
{
	Myadd myadd;
	cout << myadd(10, 10) << endl;
}
//2、函数对象超出普通函数的概念，函数对象可以有自己的状态
class Myprint 
{
public:
	Myprint() 
	{
		this->count = 0;
	}
	void operator()(string test) 
	{
		cout << test << endl;
		this->count++;
	}


	int count;//内部自己状态
};

void test02() 
{
	Myprint myprint;
	myprint("hello world");
	myprint("hello world");
	myprint("hello world");
	myprint("hello world");
	cout << "Myprint调用次数：" << myprint.count << endl;
}
//3、函数对象可以作为参数传递
void doPrint(Myprint & mp,string test) 
{
	mp(test);
}

void test03() 
{
	Myprint myprint;
	doPrint(myprint, "hello c++");
}

int main()
{
	//test01();
	//test02();
	test03();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

4.2谓词

4.2.1谓词概念

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

struct GreaterFive 
{
	bool operator()(int val) 
	{
		return val > 5;
	}
};

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	//查找容器中是否有大于5的数字
	vector<int>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), GreaterFive());
	if (it == v.end()) 
	{
		cout << "未找到" << endl;
	}
	else 
	{
		cout << "找到了大于5的数字为：" << *it << endl;
	}
}
int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

4.2.2二元谓词

代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

//二元谓词
class Mycompare 
{
public:
	bool operator()(int val1,int val2)
	{
		return val1 > val2;
	}

};

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(40);
	v.push_back(30);
	v.push_back(50);
	v.push_back(20);

	sort(v.begin(), v.end());
	for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++) 
	{
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
	//降序
	sort(v.begin(), v.end(), Mycompare());
	cout << "------------------" << endl;
	for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

}

int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

4.3内建函数对象

4.3.1内建函数对象意义

 4.3.2算术仿函数

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<functional>

//negate   一元仿函数
void test01() 
{
	negate<int>n;
	cout << n(10) << endl;
}

//plus  二元仿函数
void test02() 
{
	plus<int>p;
	cout << p(10, 10) << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

4.3.3关系仿函数

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<functional>

class Mycompare
{
public:
	bool operator()(int v1,int v2)
	{
		return v1 > v2;
	}
};

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(30);
	v.push_back(40);
	v.push_back(20);

	for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++) 
	{
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;


	sort(v.begin(), v.end(), greater<int>());
	cout << "------------" << endl;
	for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

4.3.4逻辑仿函数

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<functional>

void test01() 
{
	vector<bool>v;
	v.push_back(true);
	v.push_back(false);
	v.push_back(true);
	v.push_back(false);

	for (vector<bool>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++) 
	{
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	//逻辑非 将v容器搬运到v2 并执行逻辑非运算
	vector<bool>v2;
	v2.resize(v.size());
	transform(v.begin(), v.end(), v2.begin(), logical_not<bool>());

	for (vector<bool>::iterator it = v2.begin(); it != v2.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}