第五章 STL常用算法

概述:

5.1常用遍历算法

5.1.1for_each(遍历)

代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

//普通函数
void print01(int val) 
{
	cout << val << " ";
}
//仿函数
class print02
{
public:
	void operator()(int val) 
	{
		cout << val << " ";
	}
};

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	//遍历算法
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print01);
	cout << endl;

	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print02());
	cout << endl;

}
int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

总结:

for_each在实际开发中是最常用遍历算法,要熟练掌握

5.1.2 transform(搬运容器)

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

class Transform 
{
public:
	int operator()(int val) 
	{
		return val+100;
	}
};

class print 
{
public:
	void operator()(int val) 
	{
		cout << val << " ";
	}

};

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}

	vector<int>vTarget;
	vTarget.resize(v.size());//目标容器需要提前开辟空间

	transform(v.begin(), v.end(), vTarget.begin(), Transform());

	for_each(vTarget.begin(), vTarget.end(), print());
	cout << endl;

}

int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.2常用查找算法

 5.2.1 find(查指定元素)

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
//查找  内置数据
void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}

	vector<int>::iterator it=find(v.begin(), v.end(), 5);
	if (it == v.end()) 
	{
		cout << "未找到!" << endl;
	}
	else 
	{
		cout << "找到:" << *it << endl;
	}
}

class Person 
{
public:
	Person(string name,int age)
	{
		this->m_Name = name;
		this->m_Age = age;
	}
	//重载 == 底层find知道如何对比person数据类型
	bool operator ==(const Person&p) 
	{
		if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age) 
		{
			return true;
		}
	}

	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;
};
void test02() 
{
	vector<Person>v;
	Person p1("aaa", 10);
	Person p2("bbb", 20);
	Person p3("ccc", 30);	
	Person p4("ddd", 40);

	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	v.push_back(p4);

	vector<Person>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), p2);
	if (it == v.end()) 
	{
		cout << "未找到!" << endl;
	}
	else 
	{
		cout << "找到 姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄:" << it->m_Age << endl;
	}
}
int main()
{
	//test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.2.2 find_if(按条件查找)

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>

class GreaterFive 
{
public:
	bool operator()(int val) 
	{
		return val > 5;
	}
};
//查找1 内置数据
void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	vector<int>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), GreaterFive());
	if (it == v.end()) 
	{
		cout << "未找到!" << endl;
	}
	else 
	{
		cout << "找到:" << *it << endl;
	}

}

class Person 
{
public:
	Person(string name,int age) 
	{
		this->m_Name = name;
		this->m_Age = age;
	}
	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;
};

class Greater20 
{
public:
	bool operator() (const Person&p)
	{
		return p.m_Age > 20;
	}

};
//查找2 自定义数据
void test02() 
{
	vector<Person>v;
	Person p1("aaa", 10);
	Person p2("bbb", 20);
	Person p3("ccc", 30);
	Person p4("ddd", 40);

	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	v.push_back(p4);

	vector<Person>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20());
	if (it == v.end()) 
	{
		cout << "未找到!" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "找到 姓名:" << it->m_Name << " 年龄:" << it->m_Age << endl;
	}

}

int main()
{
	//test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.2.3 adjacent_find(查找相邻重复元素)

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(1);	
	v.push_back(4);

	vector<int>::iterator pos = adjacent_find(v.begin(), v.end());
	if (pos == v.end()) 
	{
		cout << "未找到!" << endl;
	}
	else 
	{
		cout << "找到相邻元素:" << *pos << endl;
	}

}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

总结:面试题中如果出现查找相邻重复元素,记得使用stl的adjacent_find算法

5.2.4 binary_search(查找元素是否存在)

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	//注意:必须是有序序列
	bool ret = binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(), 9);
	if (ret) 
	{
		cout << "找到该元素" << endl;
	}
	else 
	{
		cout << "未找到!" << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

总结:

虽然二分查找法效率很高,但使用时容器中的序列必须是有序序列

5.2.5 count(统计元素个数)

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>

//统计 内部元素
void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(30);
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(50);

	int sum = count(v.begin(), v.end(), 10);
	cout << "10的个数为:" << sum << endl;

}
//统计 自定义元素
class Person 
{
public:
	Person(string name,int age) 
	{
		this->m_Name = name;
		this->m_Age = age;
	}
	bool operator==(const Person &p)
	{
		if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age) 
		{
			return true;
		}
		else 
		{
			return false;
		}
	}

	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;
};

void test02() 
{
	vector<Person>v;
	Person p1("aaa", 10);
	Person p2("bbb", 20);
	Person p3("ccc", 10);
	Person p4("ddd", 40);
	Person p5("eee", 10);
	Person p6("fff", 20);

	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	v.push_back(p4);
	v.push_back(p5);
	v.push_back(p6);

	Person p("ggg", 20);
	int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), p);
	cout << "和ggg同岁的人有:" << num << endl;
}
int main()
{
	//test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

总结:

统计自定义数据类型时,需要配合重载operator==

5.2.6 count_if

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

class Greater20 
{
public:
	bool operator()(int val) 
	{
		return val > 20;
	}
};

//统计 内置数据
void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(50);
	v.push_back(50);
	v.push_back(20);

	int num=count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20());
	cout << "大于20的数据为:" << num << endl;
}
class Person 
{
public:
	Person(string name, int age)
	{
		this->m_Name = name;
		this->m_Age = age;
	}
	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;
};
//统计 自定义数据
class AgeGreater20 
{
public:
	bool operator()(const Person&p) 
	{
		return p.m_Age > 20;
	}
};

void test02()
{
	vector<Person>v;
	Person p1("aaa", 10);
	Person p2("bbb", 40);
	Person p3("ccc", 20);
	Person p4("ddd", 10);
	Person p5("eee", 20);

	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	v.push_back(p4);
	v.push_back(p5);

	int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), AgeGreater20());
	cout << "年龄大于20的个数为:" << num << endl;
}

int main()
{
	//test01();
	test02();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.3常用排序算法

 5.3.1 sort

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

void print01(int val) 
{
	cout << val << " ";
}

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(50);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(40);
	v.push_back(30);
	//升序
	sort(v.begin(), v.end());
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print01);
	cout << endl;

	//降序
	sort(v.begin(), v.end(), greater<int>());
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print01);
	cout << endl;

}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.3.2  random_shuffle

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<ctime>

void print01(int val) 
{
	cout << val << " ";
}

void test01() 
{
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	//洗牌
	random_shuffle(v.begin(), v.end());
	//遍历
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print01);
	cout << endl;

}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.3.3 merge

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

void print(int val)
{
	cout << val << " ";
}

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v1;
	vector<int>v2;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
		v2.push_back(i + 1);
	}

	//目标容器
	vector<int>vTarget;
	//提前开辟空间
	vTarget.resize(v1.size() + v2.size());

	merge(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin());
	for_each(vTarget.begin(), vTarget.end(), print);
	cout << endl;
}


int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

总结:

merge合并的两个容器必须是有序序列

5.3.4  reverse

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

void print(int val)
{
	cout << val << " ";
}

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(50);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(40);
	v.push_back(30);
	cout << "反转前:" << endl;
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print);
	cout << endl;

	cout << "反转后:" << endl;
	reverse(v.begin(), v.end());
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print);
	cout << endl;

}
int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.4常用拷贝和替换算法

 5.4.1 copy

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

void print(int val) 
{
	cout << val << " ";
}

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v1;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	vector<int>v2;
	//目标容器提前开辟空间
	v2.resize(v1.size());
	copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin());

	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), print);
	cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.4.2 replace

代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
class print 
{
public:
	void operator()(int val) 
	{
		cout << val << " ";
	}
};

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v1;
	v1.push_back(10);
	v1.push_back(20);
	v1.push_back(20);
	v1.push_back(30);

	cout << "替换前:" << endl;
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), print());
	cout << endl;

	replace(v1.begin(), v1.end(), 20, 200);
	cout << "替换后:" << endl;
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), print());
	cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

 5.4.3 replace_if

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

class print 
{
public:
	void operator()(int val) 
	{
		cout << val << " ";
	}
};

class Greater20 
{
public:
	bool operator()(int val) 
	{
		return val >= 20;
	}
};

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v1;
	v1.push_back(10);
	v1.push_back(20);
	v1.push_back(30);
	v1.push_back(20);
	v1.push_back(10);

	cout << "替换前;" << endl;
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), print());
	cout << endl;

	replace_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), Greater20(), 100);
	cout << "替换后;" << endl;
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), print());
	cout << endl;

}
int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.4.4 swap

代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

void print(int val) 
{
	cout << val << " ";
}

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v1;
	vector<int>v2;

	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
		v2.push_back(i + 100);
	}
	cout << "交换前:" << endl;
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), print);
	cout << endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), print);
	cout << endl;

	cout << "————————" << endl;
	cout << "交换后:" << endl;
	swap(v1, v2);
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), print);
	cout << endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), print);
	cout << endl;

}

int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.5 常用算术生成算法

 5.5.1 accumulate

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<numeric>

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i <=100; i++) 
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	//累加:参数3 起始累加值
	int total=accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);
	cout << "total= " << total << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

总结:

accumulate使用时头文件注意是numeric,这个算法很实用 

5.5.2 fill

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<numeric>
#include<algorithm>

void print(int val)
{
	cout << val << " ";
}

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.resize(10);

	//后期重新填充
	fill(v.begin(), v.end(), 100);
	for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), print);
	cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.6常用集合算法

5.6.1set_intersection(交集)

 

代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
void print(int val) 
{
	cout << val << " ";
}

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v1;
	vector<int>v2;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
		v2.push_back(i + 5);
	}

	vector<int>vTarget;
	//取两个里面较小的值给目标容器开辟空间
	vTarget.resize(min(v1.size(), v2.size()));
	//返回目标容器的最后一个元素的迭代器地址
	vector<int>::iterator itEnd = set_intersection(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin());
	for_each(vTarget.begin(), itEnd, print);
	cout << endl;

}

int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

总结:

1、求交集的两个集合必须是有序序列

2、目标容器开辟空间需要从两个容器取小值

3、set_intersection返回值既是交集中最后一个元素的位置

5.6.2set_union(并集)

 代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

void print(int val)
{
	cout << val << " ";
}

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v1;
	vector<int>v2;

	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
		v2.push_back(i + 5);
	}
	//目标容器
	vector<int>vTarget;
	vTarget.resize(v1.size() + v2.size());

	vector<int>::iterator itEnd= set_union(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin());

	for_each(vTarget.begin(), itEnd, print);
	cout << endl;

}

int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

5.6.3set_difference

代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

void print(int val) 
{
	cout << val << " ";
}

void test01() 
{
	vector<int>v1;
	vector<int>v2;

	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
		v2.push_back(i + 5);
	}

	vector<int>vTarget;
	vTarget.resize(max(v1.size(), v2.size()));
	cout << "v1和v2的差集:" << endl;
	
	vector<int>::iterator itEnd = set_difference(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end(), vTarget.begin());

	for_each(vTarget.begin(), itEnd, print);
	cout << endl;

	cout << "v2和v1的差集:" << endl;

	vector<int>::iterator itend = set_difference(v2.begin(), v2.end(), v1.begin(), v1.end(), vTarget.begin());

	for_each(vTarget.begin(), itend, print);
	cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

 

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