GUI编程
1.简介
- GUI的核心技术:Swing 和AMT(图形用户界面编程)
- 不流行的原因:
- 1.因为界面不美观
- 2.需要jre环境
- 为什么需要学习?
- 1.可以写出自己心中想要的小工具
- 2.工作时候,也可能需要维护到Swing界面,概率较小。
- 了解MVC架构,了解监听!
2.AWT
2.1 Awt介绍
- 1.包含了很多类和接口(抽象的窗口工具)
- 2.元素:窗口、按钮、文本框
- 3.java.awt
2.2组件和容器
1. Frame
package com.jin.awt;
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame 看源码
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面窗口");
//1.需要设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//2.设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//3.设置背景颜色
frame.setBackground(new Color(184, 30, 30));
//4.弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//5.设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);//不可改变
}
}
- 存在问题:发现窗口关不掉,停止运行java程序。
回顾封装
package com.jin.awt;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.CYAN);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200,Color.black);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.YELLOW);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.MAGENTA);
}
static class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0;//可能存在多个窗口,需要一个计数器
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("Myframe"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x,y,w,h);
setVisible(true);
}
}
}
2.面板
- 解决了窗口关闭的问题
package com.jin.awt;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//Panel 可以看成一个空间,但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//布局的概念
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(48, 140, 45));
//Panel设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(184, 43, 35));
//frame.add(panel)
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
//适配器模式:
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
3.布局管理器
-
流式布局
package com.jin.awt; import java.awt.*; public class TestFlowLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame(); //组件-按钮 Button button1 = new Button("button1"); Button button2 = new Button("button2"); Button button3 = new Button("button3"); //设置为流式布局 //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//按钮靠左 //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT)); frame.setSize(200,200); //把按钮添加上去、 frame.add(button1); frame.add(button2); frame.add(button3); frame.setVisible(true); } }
- 东西南北中
package com.jin.awt;
import java.awt.*;
//Border:边界 Layout布局 Test:测试 Center:中心
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button center = new Button("center");
//添加按钮到合适的位置
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(200,200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
- 表格布局
package com.jin.awt;
import java.awt.*;
//Grid:表格
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.pack();//Java函数!布局自动选择最优布局
}
}
练习:生成如下按钮
- 示意图
- 自己画的草图
package com.jin.awt;
import java.awt.*;
//Flow:流动的 Rows:行 Cols:列
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Panel panel1 = new Panel();
Panel panel2 = new Panel();
Panel panel3 = new Panel();
Panel panel4 = new Panel();
Panel panel5 = new Panel();
frame.setBounds(400,300,400,300);
panel1.setBounds(0,0,80,300);
panel2.setBounds(80,0,240,150);
panel3.setBounds(80,150,240,150);
panel4.setBounds(320,0,80,300);
//组件-按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
panel1.add(button1);
panel1.add(button2);
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
Button button4 = new Button("button4");
panel2.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
panel2.add(button3);
panel2.add(button4);
Button button5 = new Button("button5");
Button button6 = new Button("button6");
Button button7 = new Button("button7");
Button button8 = new Button("button8");
panel3.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));
panel3.add(button5);
panel3.add(button6);
panel3.add(button7);
panel3.add(button8);
Button button9 = new Button("button9");
Button button10 = new Button("button10");
panel4.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
panel4.add(button9);
panel4.add(button10);
frame.add(panel1);
frame.add(panel2);
frame.add(panel3);
frame.add(panel4);
frame.add(panel5);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
生成结果为
-
遇到的问题:需要定义第五个panel,不然panal4就会充满屏幕空白部分。
-
讲解后的代码
package com.jin.awt; import javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicArrowButton; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; public class ExDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame(); frame.setSize(400,300); frame.setLocation(0,0); frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1)); frame.setVisible(true); Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout()); p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST); p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST); Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1)); p2.add(new Button("p2-1")); p2.add(new Button("p2-2")); p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER); Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout()); p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST); p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST); Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1)); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { p4.add(new Button("for-"+i)); } p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.add(p1); frame.add(p3); frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(1); } }); } }
-
分析思路
- 在IDEA的输出结果为: