Android菜单

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-19 09:15:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-19 09:15:00 发布

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分类专栏： Android 文章标签： menu xml android开发 ui

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Meta_Cpp/article/details/23534993

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一、菜单类型

1. Action菜单

MENU按键弹出菜单，如果是Android3.0之后，则是ActionBar选项菜单。

onCreateOptionsMenu

onOptionsItemSelected

2. 上下文菜单

上下文菜单，长按View时显现的菜单。

onCreate中：registerForContextMenu

onCreateContextMenu

onContextItemSelected

3. 弹出菜单PopupMenu

依托于指定的View，依据空间大小显示在View的上方或下方。

二、菜单创建（手工创建、XML创建）

手工创建，如：

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
		menu.add(0, 1, 0, "item1");
		menu.add(0, 2, 0, "item2");
	
		MenuItem item = menu.getItem(0);
		item.setCheckable(true);
		item.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_ALWAYS);
	}

XML创建：

res/menu中新建：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
 
    <group android:id="@+id/group1" android:checkableBehavior="single">
        
           
	    <item android:id="@+id/popup1" android:title="@string/work"></item>
	    <item android:id="@+id/popup2" android:title="@string/home"></item>
    	<item android:id="@+id/popup3" android:title="@string/personal"></item>
    </group>
    

</menu>

三、综合举例

对一中所述的ActionBar选项菜单，实验图示如下：

布局界面, activity_main.xml：

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_context"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:text="@string/context_menu" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_popup"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@+id/btn_context"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:text="@string/popup_menu" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/text_context"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_above="@+id/btn_context"
        android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/btn_popup"
        android:layout_marginBottom="47dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="37dp"
        android:text="@string/text_context" />

</RelativeLayout>

主Activity, MainActivity.java:

菜单项响应顺序： onMenuItemSelected -> onOptionItemSelected/onContextItemSelected

package com.example.menutest;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.ContextMenu;
import android.view.ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.PopupMenu;
import android.widget.SearchView;
import android.widget.ShareActionProvider;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.widget.SearchView.OnQueryTextListener;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnQueryTextListener {

	SearchView mSearchView;
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		final Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_context);
		registerForContextMenu(button);		// 注册上下文菜单
		button.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() { 	// 按钮单击事件
			@Override
			public void onClick(View arg0) {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Click button", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
			}
			
		});
		
		TextView tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.text_context);
		registerForContextMenu(tv);		// 注册上下文菜单

		final Button popupButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_popup);
		popupButton.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				showPopup(popupButton);
			}
			
		});
	}
	
	private Intent createShareIntent()
	{
		 // 发送文本信息
		 Intent shareIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
		 shareIntent.setType("text/plain");
		 shareIntent.putExtra("sms_body", "This message is from share");                                                                         
		 return shareIntent;
	}
	
	@Override
	public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
		// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
		getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
		
		MenuItem item = menu.findItem(R.id.share);
		ShareActionProvider actionProvider = (ShareActionProvider)item.getActionProvider();
		// 设置默认的共享文件名： public static final String DEFAULT_SHARE_HISTORY_FILE_NAME = "share_history.xml";
		actionProvider.setShareHistoryFileName(ShareActionProvider.DEFAULT_SHARE_HISTORY_FILE_NAME);
		// 设置共享意图
		actionProvider.setShareIntent(createShareIntent());
		
		
		mSearchView = (SearchView)menu.findItem(R.id.search).getActionView();
        // 注册搜索输入栏的事件监听器，来自于实现接口：android.widget.SearchView.OnQueryTextListener
        // 事件回调方法为：onQueryTextSubmit()开始搜索事件；onQueryTextChange()文本改变事件
	    mSearchView.setOnQueryTextListener(this);
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Option Menu Item Selected: " + item.getTitle(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
	}

	// Share, Search的点击事件由各自的onPerformDefaultAction所响应
	@Override
	public boolean onMenuItemSelected(int featureId, MenuItem item) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Menu Item Selected: " + featureId + ": " +  item.getTitle(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		return super.onMenuItemSelected(featureId, item);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onQueryTextChange(String arg0) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String arg0) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Toast toast = Toast.makeText(this, "Searching " + arg0, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
		toast.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL, 0, 0);
		toast.show();
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Context Menu item Selected: " + item.getTitle(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		return super.onContextItemSelected(item);
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v,
			ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
		MenuInflater inflater = new MenuInflater(this);
		inflater.inflate(R.menu.context_menu, menu);
		menu.setHeaderTitle("网络");
		super.onCreateContextMenu(menu, v, menuInfo);
	
	}

	private void showPopup(View v)
	{
		PopupMenu popup = new PopupMenu(this, v);
		popup.inflate(R.menu.popup_menu);
		popup.show();
		popup.getMenu().getItem(0).setChecked(true);
		
		popup.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
			@Override
			public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
				Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Popup Menu clicked: " + item.getTitle(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
				return true;
			}
		});
	}
	
}

ActionBar菜单, main.xml:

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >

    <!-- 存在Menu键: Android 3.0以上则显示在ActionBar, 溢出菜单通过点击Menu键显示 
    	Android 3.0之前,全部显示在Menu键中 -->
    <!-- 不存在Menu键: 显示在ActionBar中, 溢出菜单为三个点的菜单 -->
    
    <!-- 在ActionBar空间充足的情况下显示 -->
    <item
        android:id="@+id/edit"
        android:showAsAction="ifRoom" 
   		android:title="@string/edit"
   		android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_edit"
   		/>
    <!-- Search和Share应该都设置为always因为放入溢出菜单中不可用 -->
    <item 
        android:id="@+id/search"
        android:showAsAction="always"
        android:title="@string/search"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_search"
        android:actionViewClass="android.widget.SearchView" />
    
    <item 
        android:id="@+id/share"
        android:showAsAction="always"
        android:title="@string/share"
   		android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_share"
        android:actionProviderClass="android.widget.ShareActionProvider" />
    
    <!-- 显示在三个点的溢出菜单(overflow menu)中 -->
    <item
        android:id="@+id/action_settings"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:showAsAction="never"
        android:title="@string/action_settings"/>

</menu>

上下文菜单，context_menu.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
    <group android:id="@+id/context_group" android:menuCategory="container">
        <item android:id="@+id/item_work"  android:title="@string/work"></item>
        <item android:id="@+id/item_personal" android:title="@string/personal"></item>
        <item android:id="@+id/item_home"  android:title="@string/home"></item>
    </group>

</menu>

弹出菜单, popup_menu.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
 
    <group android:id="@+id/group1" android:checkableBehavior="single">
	    <item android:id="@+id/popup1" android:title="@string/work"></item>
	    <item android:id="@+id/popup2" android:title="@string/home"></item>
    	<item android:id="@+id/popup3" android:title="@string/personal"></item>
    </group>

</menu>

字符串定义， strings.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <string name="app_name">MenuTest</string>
    <string name="action_settings">Settings</string>
    <string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
    <string name="search">Search</string>
    <string name="share">Share</string>
    <string name="edit">Edit</string>
    <string name="context_menu">长按我,显示上下文菜单</string>
    <string name="popup_menu">单击我,显示弹出菜单</string>
    <string name="home">家庭</string>
    <string name="work">工作</string>
    <string name="personal">个人</string>
    <string name="text_context">Text Context Menu</string>

</resources>