tempDATA

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTRINS.H

Intrinsic functions for C51.
Copyright (c) 1988-2004 Keil Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc.
All rights reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef __INTRINS_H__
#define __INTRINS_H__

extern void          _nop_     (void);
extern bit           _testbit_ (bit);

extern unsigned char _cror_    (unsigned char, unsigned char);	/*6个循环移位函数，与>>不同点在于不会截位*/
extern unsigned int  _iror_    (unsigned int,  unsigned char);  /*属于严格的循环圈,被截的位会补在另一端*/
extern unsigned long _lror_    (unsigned long, unsigned char);	/*3个左移 3个右移*/
extern unsigned char _crol_    (unsigned char, unsigned char);	/*区别在于第一参数 即被移动对象*/
extern unsigned int  _irol_    (unsigned int,  unsigned char);	/*char  int  long */
extern unsigned long _lrol_    (unsigned long, unsigned char);	/*T Repeat O Left*/

extern unsigned char _chkfloat_(float);
extern void          _push_    (unsigned char _sfr);
extern void          _pop_     (unsigned char _sfr);

#endif

周期

振荡周期 = 晶振

状态周期= 2* 振荡周期

机器周期= 12*振荡周期 （每个机器周期，CPU进行一次操作）

指令周期= 不同指令占用机器周期不同

指令集

RISC精简指令集 

CISC冗余指令集

寄存器

PC : program counter
SP : stack pointer
SR : status register
CG : const generator
ALU算术逻辑单元

存储器

  C ROM
  P OTP
  F FLASH
  E EPROM
  U USER



通用寄存器 （累加器A 51的致命弱点）

#include <stdio.h>
#include"math.h" 
#define PMAX    100    
#define PMIN    -100   
#define DMAX    100     
#define DMIN    -100           
#define FMAX    100       /*语言值的满幅值*/ 
int PFF[4]={0,12,24,48};
/*输入量D语言值特征点*/ 
int DFF[4]={0,16,32,64};
/*输出量U语言值特征点*/ 
int UFF[7]={0,15,30,45,60,75,90};
/*采用了调整因子的规则表,大误差时偏重误差,小误差时偏重误差变化*/ 
/*a0=0.3,a1=0.55,a2=0.74,a3=0.89   */   
int rule[7][7]={ 
//误差变化率 -3,-2,-1, 0, 1, 2, 3     // 误差     
      {-6,-6,-6,-5,-5,-5,-4,},   //   -3   
      {-5,-4,-4,-3,-2,-2,-1,},   //   -2 
      {-4,-3,-2,-1, 0, 1, 2,},   //   -1 
      {-4,-3,-1, 0, 1, 3, 4,},   //    0 
      {-2,-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,},   //    1 
      { 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5,},   //    2 
      { 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6}};   //    3

/**********************************************************/
int   Fuzzy(int P,int D)   /*模糊运算引擎*/ 
{ 
int    U;           /*偏差,偏差微分以及输出值的精确量*/ 
unsigned int   PF[2],DF[2],UF[4];   /*偏差,偏差微分以及输出值的隶属度*/ 
int    Pn,Dn,Un[4]; 
long   temp1,temp2;       

/*隶属度的确定*/ 
/*根据PD的指定语言值获得有效隶属度*/ 
if(P>-PFF[3] && P<FF[3])
{ 
    if(P<=-PFF[2])     
{
   Pn=-2;
   PF[0]=FMAX*((float)(-PFF[2]-P)/(PFF[3]-PFF[2]));
} 
    else if(P<=-PFF[1])   
   {
    Pn=-1;
    PF[0]=FMAX*((float)(-PFF[1]-P)/(PFF[2]-PFF[1]));
   } 
    else if(P<=PFF[0])   
   {
    Pn=0;
    PF[0]=FMAX*((float)(-PFF[0]-P)/(PFF[1]-PFF[0]));
   } 
    else if(P<=PFF[1])   
   {
    Pn=1; PF[0]=FMAX*((float)(PFF[1]-P)/(PFF[1]-PFF[0]));
   } 
    else if(P<=PFF[2]) 
   {
    Pn=2; PF[0]=FMAX*((float)(PFF[2]-P)/(PFF[2]-PFF[1]));
   } 
    else if(P<=PFF[3])   
   {
    Pn=3; PF[0]=FMAX*((float)(PFF[3]-P)/(PFF[3]-PFF[2]));
   }                  
    } 
else if(P<=-PFF[3])   
   {
    Pn=-2;   PF[0]=FMAX;
   } 
else if(P>=PFF[3])   
   {
    Pn=3;   PF[0]=0;
   } 
PF[1]=FMAX-PF[0];  
if(D>-DFF[3] && D<DFF[3])
{ 
    if(D<=-DFF[2])     
{
   Dn=-2;DF[0]=FMAX*((float)(-DFF[2]-D)/(DFF[3]-DFF[2]));
} 
    else if(D<=-DFF[1])   
   {
    Dn=-1;
    DF[0]=FMAX*((float)(-DFF[1]-D)/(DFF[2]-DFF[1]));
   } 
    else if(D<=DFF[0])   
   {
    Dn=0; 
    DF[0]=FMAX*((float)(-DFF[0]-D)/(DFF[1]-DFF[0]));
   } 
    else if(D<=DFF[1])   
   {
    Dn=1;
    DF[0]=FMAX*((float)(DFF[1]-D)/(DFF[1]-DFF[0]));
   } 
    else if(D<=DFF[2])   
   {
    Dn=2; DF[0]=FMAX*((float)(DFF[2]-D)/(DFF[2]-DFF[1]));
   } 
    else if(D<=DFF[3])   
   {
    Dn=3; DF[0]=FMAX*((float)(DFF[3]-D)/(DFF[3]-DFF[2]));
   }   
    } 
else if(D<=-DFF[3])   
   {
    Dn=-2; 
    DF[0]=FMAX;
   } 
else if(D>=DFF[3])   
   {
   Dn=3;
   DF[0]=0;
   } 
DF[1]=FMAX-DF[0];
/*使用误差范围优化后的规则表rule[7][7]*/ 
/*输出值使用13个隶属函数,中心值由UFF[7]指定*/ 
/*一般都是四个规则有效*/ 
Un[0]=rule[Pn-1+3][Dn-1+3]; 
Un[1]=rule[Pn+3][Dn-1+3]; 
Un[2]=rule[Pn-1+3][Dn+3];   
Un[3]=rule[Pn+3][Dn+3]; 
if(PF[0]<=DF[0])
   UF[0]=PF[0];
else 
   UF[0]=DF[0]; 
if(PF[1]<=DF[0])
   UF[1]=PF[1];
else 
   UF[1]=DF[0]; 
if(PF[0]<=DF[1])
   UF[2]=PF[0]; 
else 
   UF[2]=DF[1]; 
if(PF[1]<=DF[1])
   UF[3]=PF[1]; 
else 
   UF[3]=DF[1];
/*同隶属函数输出语言值求大*/ 
   
if(Un[0]==Un[1])
{
   if(UF[0]>UF[1])
    UF[1]=0;
   else 
    UF[0]=0;
} 
if(Un[0]==Un[2])
{
   if(UF[0]>UF[2])
    UF[2]=0;
   else 
    UF[0]=0;
} 
if(Un[0]==Un[3])
{
   if(UF[0]>UF[3])
    UF[3]=0;
   else
    UF[0]=0;
} 
if(Un[1]==Un[2])
{
   if(UF[1]>UF[2])
    UF[2]=0;
   else
    UF[1]=0;
} 
if(Un[1]==Un[3])
{
   if(UF[1]>UF[3])
    UF[3]=0;
   else 
    UF[1]=0;
} 
if(Un[2]==Un[3])
{
   if(UF[2]>UF[3])
    UF[3]=0;
   else 
    UF[2]=0;
} 

/*重心法反模糊*/ 
/*Un[]原值为输出隶属函数标号，转换为隶属函数值*/ 
if(Un[0]>=0)
   Un[0]=UFF[Un[0]];
else 
   Un[0]=-UFF[-Un[0]]; 
if(Un[1]>=0)
   Un[1]=UFF[Un[1]];
else 
   Un[1]=-UFF[-Un[1]]; 
if(Un[2]>=0)
   Un[2]=UFF[Un[2]];
else
   Un[2]=-UFF[-Un[2]]; 
if(Un[3]>=0)
   Un[3]=UFF[Un[3]];
else 
   Un[3]=-UFF[-Un[3]]; 
   
temp1=UF[0]*Un[0]+UF[1]*Un[1]+UF[2]*Un[2]+UF[3]*Un[3]; 
temp2=UF[0]+UF[1]+UF[2]+UF[3]; 
U=temp1/temp2;
return U; 
}

void main()
{ 
int a=0,e,ec;
/*int nowpoint,p1,p2=1;
FILE *in,*out;
in=fopen("in.txt","r");
out=fopen("out.txt","w");*/
//while(!feof(in))
while(1)
{
  
   //fscanf(in,"%d",&nowpoint);
   //p1=nowpoint;
   //e=0-nowpoint;
   //ec= p1-p2;
   printf("请输入e:");
   scanf("%d",&e);
        printf("请输入ec:");
   scanf("%d",&ec);
   a=Fuzzy(e,ec);
   //fprintf(out,"%d   ",a);
   //printf("%d:   ",p1);
        printf("e: %d     ec: %d    ",e,ec);
   printf("a: %d   \n",a);
   //p2=p1;
}
//fclose(in);
//fclose(out);
}