量化交易之C++篇 - 基础 - iostream、::、namespace、using、参数传递方式

#include <iostream> //  iostream：标准输入输出流   i: in(输入)   o: out(输出)   stream(流)

using namespace std; // 使用命名空间 std: 打开一个叫 std 的房间;

int main() {
    
	// cout 标准的输出
	// << 左移运算符
	// endl（end line）： 结束换行
    
	cout << "hello visual studio" << 123456 << endl;

	system("pause"); // 阻塞功能

	return EXIT_SUCCESS; // 返回正常退出
}

//#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int atk = 200;
void atkTest() {

	int atk = 100;

	cout << "攻击力为:" << atk << endl; // atk 为局部变量
	cout << "攻击力为:" << ::atk << endl; // ::atk 为全局变量

}


int main() {

	atkTest();

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

#include "game1.h"
#include "game2.h"


void test01() {
	LOL::goAtk();

	KingGlory::goAtk();
}

// namespace 命名空间主要用途 用来解决命名冲突的问题;
// 1. 命名空间下 可以放函数、变量、结构体、类;
// 2. 命名空间必须定义在全局作用域下;
// 3. 命名空间可以嵌套命名空间;
namespace A {
	void function();

	int m_A = 20;

	struct Person {};

	class MyClass {};

	namespace B {
		int m_A = 10;
	}

	void function() {
		cout << "A::function" << endl;
	}
}

// 4. 命名空间是开放的, 可以随时往原先的命名空间添加内容;
namespace A {
	int m_B = 100;
}

void function() {

	cout << "function" << endl;
}


// 5. 匿名命名空间 (只能再当前文件内使用)
namespace {
	int m_C = 0; // 相当于 static int m_C
	int m_D = 0; // 相当于 static int m_D
}


// 6. 命名空间可以起别名
namespace veryLongName {
	int m_A = 0;
}
void test02() {
	namespace veryShortName = veryLongName;
	cout << veryLongName::m_A << endl;
	cout << veryShortName::m_A << endl;
}

int main() {

	A::function();

	function();

	cout << "A::m_A: " << A::m_A << endl;

	cout << "A::B::m_A " << A::B::m_A << endl;

	cout << "A::m_B " << A::m_B << endl;

	test02();

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}










// game1.h
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;

namespace LOL {
	void goAtk();
}



// game1.cpp
#include "game1.h" 


void LOL::goAtk() {

	cout << "LOL攻击实现" << endl;

}









// game2.h
#include <iostream> 

using namespace std;

namespace KingGlory {
	void goAtk();
}



// game2.cpp
#include "game2.h"

void KingGlory::goAtk() {

	cout << "王者荣耀攻击实现" << endl;

}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


namespace KingGlory {

	int sunwukongId = 100;
}

void test01() {
	int sunwukongId = 200;

	// 写了 using 声明后 下面这行代码说明以后看到的 sunwukongId 是用 KingGlory下的;
	//using KingGlory::sunwukongId;

	cout << "test01() 函数局部变量 sunwukongId: " << sunwukongId << endl;
	cout << "KingGlory::sunwukongId: " << KingGlory::sunwukongId << endl;
}


namespace LOL {
	int sunwukongId = 30;
}

void test02() {

	//int sunwukongId = 200;

	// using 编译指令;(就近原则)
	//using namespace KingGlory;

	using namespace LOL;

	cout << "LOL::sunwukongId: " << sunwukongId << endl;
}


int main() {
	
	test01();

	test02();

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

// C++对C语言的增强;

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


// 全局变量检测增强 (c++语言中可以检测出重复定义的全局变量)
int a;
//int a = 10;

// 函数检测增强
int getRectArea(int weight, int height) {
	return weight * height;
}


// struct 增强 (可以在结构体中写函数)
struct Person
{
	int m_Age;
	void plusAge() {
		m_Age++;
	};
};

void personTest() {

	Person person;
	person.m_Age = 10;

	cout << "before:" << person.m_Age << endl;
	person.plusAge();
	cout << "after:" << person.m_Age << endl;
}

// C++中可以直接用bool类型
bool flag = true;

void test02() {
	int a = 10;
	int& b = a;
	int c = 20;

	b = c;
	
	cout << "a:" << a << endl; // 20
	cout << "b:" << b << endl; // 20
	cout << "c:" << c << endl; // 20
}

void test03() {

	int arr[10];
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		arr[i] = i;
	}

	int(&pArray)[10] = arr;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		cout << pArray[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	// 给数组起别名 (一个具有 10 个元素的 int类型数组)
	typedef int(arrayRef)[10];
	arrayRef& pArray2 = arr;

	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		cout << pArray2[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

}


int main() {

	int area = getRectArea(10, 10);

	//personTest();

	//test02();

	test03();

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

// 参数的几种传递方式

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


void swap_1(int a, int b) {
	int t = a;
	a = b;
	b = t;
}

void test01() {

	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;

	swap_1(a, b);

	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
}


void swap_2(int *a, int *b) {
	int p = *a;
	*a = *b;
	*b = p;
}

void test02() {

	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;

	swap_2(&a, &b);

	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
}



void swap_3(int& a, int& b) {
	int p = a;
	a = b;
	b = p;
}

void test03() {

	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;

	swap_3(a, b);

	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
}


int main() {

	test03();

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}