设计模式之十五--访问者模式

访问者模式：表示一个作用于某对象结构中各个元素的操作。它是你可以在不改变个元素的类的前提下定义作用于这些元素的新操作。

访问者模式比较适用于数据结构比较固定的系统中，实现数据结构和算法的分离。但是一般来看数据结构都很不固定，所以用的比较少。

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod


class Visitor(metaclass=ABCMeta):

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name =  name

    @abstractmethod
    def visit_element_a(self, element):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def visit_element_b(self, element):
        pass


class ConcreteVisitorA(Visitor):

    def __init__(self, name):
        super().__init__(name)

    def visit_element_a(self, element):
        print("{0} visits {1}".format(self.name, element.name))

    def visit_element_b(self, element):
        print("{0} visits {1}".format(self.name, element.name))


class ConcreteVisitorB(Visitor):

    def __init__(self, name):
        super().__init__(name)

    def visit_element_a(self, element):
        print("{0} visits {1}".format(self.name, element.name))

    def visit_element_b(self, element):
        print("{0} visits {1}".format(self.name, element.name))


class ObjectStructure:

    def __init__(self):
        self.elements = set()

    def attach(self, element):
        self.elements.add(element)

    def detach(self, element):
        self.elements.remove(element)

    def accept(self, visitor):
        for element in self.elements:
            element.accept(visitor)


class Element(metaclass=ABCMeta):

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    @abstractmethod
    def accept(self, visitor):
        pass


class ConcreteElementA(Element):

    def __init__(self, name):
        super().__init__(name)

    def accept(self, visitor):
        visitor.visit_element_a(self)


class ConcreteElementB(Element):

    def __init__(self, name):
        super().__init__(name)

    def accept(self, visitor):
        visitor.visit_element_b(self)


if __name__ == "__main__":

    visitor_a = ConcreteVisitorA("VisitorA")
    visitor_b = ConcreteVisitorB("VisitorB")
    element_a = ConcreteElementA("ElementA")
    element_b = ConcreteElementB("ElementB")
    object_structure = ObjectStructure()

    object_structure.attach(element_a)
    object_structure.attach(element_b)

    object_structure.accept(visitor_a)
    object_structure.accept(visitor_b)