Series和DataFrame--层次化索引

层次化索引(hierarchical indexing)

是pandas的一项重要功能，它使你能在一个轴上拥有多个(两个以上)索引级别

from pandas import Series,DataFrame
import numpy as np

由一个列表或数组组成的列表作为索引

data = Series(np.random.randn(10),index=[['a','a','a','b','b','b','c','c','d','d'],[1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,2,3]])
data

a  1    0.663209
   2    0.346579
   3   -0.645685
b  1   -0.278141
   2   -0.552655
   3   -1.181881
c  1    1.083462
   2   -0.976686
d  2    1.911491
   3    0.905117
dtype: float64

data.index

MultiIndex(levels=[['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], [1, 2, 3]],
           codes=[[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2]])

data['b']  # 索引出 所有含 b 的

1   -0.278141
2   -0.552655
3   -1.181881
dtype: float64

data['b':'c']  #索引出 b和c

b  1   -0.278141
   2   -0.552655
   3   -1.181881
c  1    1.083462
   2   -0.976686
dtype: float64

data.ix[['b','d']] #索引出 b和d

b  1   -0.278141
   2   -0.552655
   3   -1.181881
d  2    1.911491
   3    0.905117
dtype: float64

data[:,2]   #索引出待 2 标签的

a    0.346579
b   -0.552655
c   -0.976686
d    1.911491
dtype: float64

unstack() 方法被重新安排到DataFrame中

相当于透视表生成

左侧的索引需要能唯一区分，否则报错

与 stack() 方法互为逆运算

data.unstack()

	1	2	3
a	0.663209	0.346579	-0.645685
b	-0.278141	-0.552655	-1.181881
c	1.083462	-0.976686	NaN
d	NaN	1.911491	0.905117

data.unstack().stack()

a  1    0.663209
   2    0.346579
   3   -0.645685
b  1   -0.278141
   2   -0.552655
   3   -1.181881
c  1    1.083462
   2   -0.976686
d  2    1.911491
   3    0.905117
dtype: float64

DataFrame 每条轴都可以分层索引

frame = DataFrame(np.arange(12).reshape((4,3)),
                 index=[['a','a','b','b'],[1,2,1,2]],
                 columns=[['Ohio','Ohio','Colorado'],['Green','Red','Green']])
frame

		Ohio		Colorado
		Green	Red	Green
a	1	0	1	2
	2	3	4	5
b	1	6	7	8
	2	9	10	11

各层 轴标签命名

frame.index.names = ['key1','key2']
frame.columns.names = ['state','color']
frame

	state	Ohio		Colorado
	color	Green	Red	Green
key1	key2
a	1	0	1	2
	2	3	4	5
b	1	6	7	8
	2	9	10	11

frame['Ohio']

	color	Green	Red
key1	key2
a	1	0	1
	2	3	4
b	1	6	7
	2	9	10

重排分级顺序

swaplevel() 接受两个级别编号或名称，并返回一个互换了级别的新对象(但数据不会发生变化)

frame.swaplevel('key1','key2')

	state	Ohio		Colorado
	color	Green	Red	Green
key2	key1
1	a	0	1	2
2	a	3	4	5
1	b	6	7	8
2	b	9	10	11

根据级别汇总统计

许多DataFrame和Series的描述和汇总统计都一个level选项，它用于指定在某条轴上求和的级别

frame = DataFrame(np.arange(12).reshape((4,3)),
                 index=[['a','a','b','b'],[1,2,1,2]],
                 columns=[['Ohio','Ohio','Colorado'],['Green','Red','Green']])
frame.index.names = ['key1','key2']
frame.columns.names = ['state','color']
frame

	state	Ohio		Colorado
	color	Green	Red	Green
key1	key2
a	1	0	1	2
	2	3	4	5
b	1	6	7	8
	2	9	10	11

frame.sum(level='key2')  # 按级别 行之间进行汇总求和

state	Ohio		Colorado
color	Green	Red	Green
key2
1	6	8	10
2	12	14	16

frame.sum(level='color',axis=1)   #按级别 列至今进行汇总求和

	color	Green	Red
key1	key2
a	1	2	1
	2	8	4
b	1	14	7
	2	20	10

set_index()将一个或多个列转换为行索引

默认情况下，那些列会从DataFrame中移除，但也可以将其保留下来drop=False

frame = DataFrame({'a':range(7),'b':range(7,0,-1),'c':['one','one','one','two','two','two','two'],'d':[0,1,2,0,1,2,3]})
frame

	a	b	c	d
0	0	7	one	0
1	1	6	one	1
2	2	5	one	2
3	3	4	two	0
4	4	3	two	1
5	5	2	two	2
6	6	1	two	3

frame.set_index(['c','d'])

		a	b
c	d
one	0	0	7
	1	1	6
	2	2	5
two	0	3	4
	1	4	3
	2	5	2
	3	6	1

frame

	a	b	c	d
0	0	7	one	0
1	1	6	one	1
2	2	5	one	2
3	3	4	two	0
4	4	3	two	1
5	5	2	two	2
6	6	1	two	3

frame.set_index(['c','d'],drop=False)

		a	b	c	d
c	d
one	0	0	7	one	0
	1	1	6	one	1
	2	2	5	one	2
two	0	3	4	two	0
	1	4	3	two	1
	2	5	2	two	2
	3	6	1	two	3

reset_index() 层次化索引的级别会被移到列里

frame

	a	b	c	d
0	0	7	one	0
1	1	6	one	1
2	2	5	one	2
3	3	4	two	0
4	4	3	two	1
5	5	2	two	2
6	6	1	two	3

frame2 = frame.set_index(['c','d'])
frame2

		a	b
c	d
one	0	0	7
	1	1	6
	2	2	5
two	0	3	4
	1	4	3
	2	5	2
	3	6	1

frame2.reset_index()

	c	d	a	b
0	one	0	0	7
1	one	1	1	6
2	one	2	2	5
3	two	0	3	4
4	two	1	4	3
5	two	2	5	2
6	two	3	6	1