怎样重写equals方法才安全?

<wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr> 我们都知道在Java规范里定义了equals方法覆盖的5大原则：reflexive（自反性），symmetric（对称性），transitive（传递性），consistent（一致性），non-null（非空性）。我们看一下下面的代码：

public class Student{

<wbr><wbr><wbr> private String name;</wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr> private int age;</wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr> public Student(String name,int age){</wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> this.name=name;</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> this.age=age;</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr> }</wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr> public boolean equals(Object obj){</wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> if(obj instanceof Student){</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> Student s=(Student)obj;</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> if(s.name.equals(this.name) &amp;&amp; s.age==this.age){</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> return true;</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> }</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> }</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> return super.equals(obj);</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr> }</wbr></wbr></wbr>

}

你认为上面的代码equals方法的覆盖安全吗？表面看起来好像没什么问题，这样写也确实满足了以上的五大原则。但其实这样的覆盖并不很安全，假如Student类还有一个子类CollegeStudent,如果我拿一个Student对象和一个CollegeStudent对象equals,只要这两个对象有相同的name和age，它们就会被认为相等，但实际上它们是两个不同类型的对象啊。问题就出在instanceof这个运算符上，因为这个运算符是向下兼容的，也就是说一个CollegeStudent对象也被认为是一个Student的实例。怎样去解决这个问题呢？那就只有不用instanceof运算符，而使用对象的getClass()方法来判断两个对象是否属于同一种类型，例如，将上面的equals()方法修改为：

<wbr><wbr><wbr>public boolean equals(Object obj){</wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> if(obj.getClass()==Student.class){</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> Student s=(Student)obj;</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> if(s.name.equals(this.name) &amp;&amp; s.age==this.age){</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> return true;</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> }</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> }</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> return super.equals(obj);</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr> }</wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr></wbr> 这样才能保证obj对象一定是Student的实例，而不会是Student的任何子类的实例。