SpringBoot----异常处理与单元测试

一、 SpringBoot 中异常处理方式

1 SpringBoot 中对于异常处理提供了五种处理方式

1.1自定义错误页面-----不适用与生产开发环境

1.2@ExceptionHandle 注解处理异常-----异常多时易造成代码冗余

@ExceptionHandler(value={java.lang.ArithmeticException.class})

1.2.1 Controller

package com.bjsxt.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/**
 * SpringBoot处理异常方式一：自定义错误页面
 *
 *
 */
@Controller
public class DemoController {
	
	@RequestMapping("/show")
	public String showInfo(){
		String str = null;
		str.length();
		return "index";
	}
	
	@RequestMapping("/show2")
	public String showInfo2(){
		int a = 10/0;
		return "index";
	}
	
	/**
	 * java.lang.ArithmeticException
	 * 该方法需要返回一个ModelAndView：目的是可以让我们封装异常信息以及视图的指定
	 * 参数Exception e:会将产生异常对象注入到方法中
	 */
	@ExceptionHandler(value={java.lang.ArithmeticException.class})
	public ModelAndView arithmeticExceptionHandler(Exception e){
		ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
		mv.addObject("error", e.toString());
		mv.setViewName("error1");
		return mv;
	}
	
	/**
	 * java.lang.NullPointerException
	 * 该方法需要返回一个ModelAndView：目的是可以让我们封装异常信息以及视图的指定
	 * 参数Exception e:会将产生异常对象注入到方法中
	 */
	@ExceptionHandler(value={java.lang.NullPointerException.class})
	public ModelAndView nullPointerExceptionHandler(Exception e){
		ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
		mv.addObject("error", e.toString());
		mv.setViewName("error2");
		return mv;
	}
	
	
	
}

1.2.2 页面

1.3@ControllerAdvice+@ExceptionHandler 注解处理----可以传递异常参数

1.3.1 需要创建一个能够处理异常的全局异常类。在该类上需要添加@ControllerAdvice 注解

package com.bjsxt.exception;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/**
 * 全局异常处理类
 *
 *
 */
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalException {
	/**
	 * java.lang.ArithmeticException
	 * 该方法需要返回一个ModelAndView：目的是可以让我们封装异常信息以及视图的指定
	 * 参数Exception e:会将产生异常对象注入到方法中
	 */
	@ExceptionHandler(value={java.lang.ArithmeticException.class})
	public ModelAndView arithmeticExceptionHandler(Exception e){
		ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
		mv.addObject("error", e.toString());
		mv.setViewName("error1");
		return mv;
	}
	
	/**
	 * java.lang.NullPointerException
	 * 该方法需要返回一个ModelAndView：目的是可以让我们封装异常信息以及视图的指定
	 * 参数Exception e:会将产生异常对象注入到方法中
	 */
	@ExceptionHandler(value={java.lang.NullPointerException.class})
	public ModelAndView nullPointerExceptionHandler(Exception e){
		ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
		mv.addObject("error", e.toString());
		mv.setViewName("error2");
		return mv;
	}
	
}

1.4配置 SimpleMappingExceptionResolver 处理异常-----不能传递异常参数

1.4.1 在全局异常类中添加一个方法完成异常的统一处理

package com.bjsxt.exception;

import java.util.Properties;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;

/**
 * 通过SimpleMappingExceptionResolver做全局异常处理
 *
 *
 */
@Configuration
public class GlobalException {
	
	/**
	 * 该方法必须要有返回值。返回值类型必须是：SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
	 */
	@Bean
	public SimpleMappingExceptionResolver getSimpleMappingExceptionResolver(){
		SimpleMappingExceptionResolver resolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
		
		Properties mappings = new Properties();
		
		/**
		 * 参数一：异常的类型，注意必须是异常类型的全名
		 * 参数二：视图名称
		 */
		mappings.put("java.lang.ArithmeticException", "error1");
		mappings.put("java.lang.NullPointerException","error2");
		
		//设置异常与视图映射信息的
		resolver.setExceptionMappings(mappings);
		
		return resolver;
	}
	
}

1.5自定义 HandlerExceptionResolver 类处理异常----简单又可以传递异常参数和视图

1.5.1 需要在全局异常处理类中实现HandlerExceptionResolver 接口

package com.bjsxt.exception;

import java.util.Properties;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;

/**
 * 通过实现HandlerExceptionResolver接口做全局异常处理
 *
 *
 */
@Configuration
public class GlobalException implements HandlerExceptionResolver {

	@Override
	public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
			Exception ex) {
		ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
		//判断不同异常类型，做不同视图跳转
		if(ex instanceof ArithmeticException){
			mv.setViewName("error1");
		}
		
		if(ex instanceof NullPointerException){
			mv.setViewName("error2");
		}
		mv.addObject("error", ex.toString());
		
		return mv;
	}
}

二、 Spring Boot 整合 Junit 单元测试

1 创建项目

2 修改 pom 文件

  	<!-- 添加junit环境的jar包 -->
  	<dependency>
  		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  	</dependency>

3 编写业务代码

3.1Dao

package com.bjsxt.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl {

	public void saveUser(){
		System.out.println("insert into users.....");
	}
}

3.2业务层

package com.bjsxt.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.bjsxt.dao.UserDaoImpl;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl {

	@Autowired
	private UserDaoImpl userDaoImpl;
	
	public void addUser(){
		this.userDaoImpl.saveUser();
	}
}

3.3编写启动类

package com.bjsxt;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class App {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
	}

}

4 使用 SpringBoot 整合 Junit 做单元

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
@SpringBootTest(classes={App.class})

4.1编写测试类

package com.bjsxt.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import com.bjsxt.App;
import com.bjsxt.service.UserServiceImpl;

/**
 * SpringBoot测试类
 *@RunWith:启动器 
 *SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class：让junit与spring环境进行整合
 *
 *@SpringBootTest(classes={App.class}) 1,当前类为springBoot的测试类
 *@SpringBootTest(classes={App.class}) 2,加载SpringBoot启动类。启动springBoot
 *
 *junit与spring整合 @Contextconfiguartion("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
@SpringBootTest(classes={App.class})
public class UserServiceTest {

	@Autowired
	private UserServiceImpl userServiceImpl;
	
	@Test
	public void testAddUser(){
		this.userServiceImpl.addUser();
	}
}